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(with oar etc)

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1 pull

pul
1. verb
1) (to (try to) move something especially towards oneself usually by using force: He pulled the chair towards the fire; She pulled at the door but couldn't open it; He kept pulling the girls' hair for fun; Help me to pull my boots off; This railway engine can pull twelve carriages.) arrastrar, tirar de

2) ((with at or on) in eg smoking, to suck at: He pulled at his cigarette.) chupar

3) (to row: He pulled towards the shore.) remar

4) ((of a driver or vehicle) to steer or move in a certain direction: The car pulled in at the garage; I pulled into the side of the road; The train pulled out of the station; The motorbike pulled out to overtake; He pulled off the road.) tirar, ir hacia

2. noun
1) (an act of pulling: I felt a pull at my sleeve; He took a pull at his beer/pipe.) tirón; calada, chupada (tabaco); sorbo (bebida)

2) (a pulling or attracting force: magnetic pull; the pull (=attraction) of the sea.) atracción

3) (influence: He thinks he has some pull with the headmaster.) enchufe

•

- pull apart / to pieces
- pull down
- pull a face / faces at
- pull a face / faces
- pull a gun on
- pull off
- pull on
- pull oneself together
- pull through
- pull up
- pull one's weight
- pull someone's leg

pull¹ n tirón

I gave the string a pull and the bell rang le di un tirón a la cuerda y sonó el timbre

pull² vb

1. tirar

it's heavy, but if you pull and I push, we'll move it pesa mucho, pero si tú tiras y yo empujo lo moveremos

2. tirar / dar un tirón

he pulled the little girl's hair tiró del pelo a la niña

3. arrastrar

they pulled the boat up the beach arrastraron la barca por la playa

pull

tr[pʊl]

noun

1 (tug) tirón nombre masculino

2 (of moon, current) fuerza

3 (attraction) atracción nombre femenino; (influence) influencia

4 (on bottle) sorbo; (on cigarette) calada, chupada

5 (prolonged effort) paliza

6 (single impression, proof) prueba

transitive verb

1 (draw) tirar de; (drag) arrastrar

■ the horse was pulling a cart el caballo tiraba de una carreta

■ he pulled the curtains corrió las cortinas

■ pull up a chair coge una silla

2 (tug forcefully) tirar de, dar un tirón a

■ don't pull my hair! ¡no me tires del pelo!

■ have you pulled the chain? ¿has tirado de la cadena?

■ he pulled off his boots se quitó las botas

3 (remove, draw out) sacar

■ he pulled a gun sacó una pistola

4 (damage - muscle) sufrir un tirón

■ I pulled a muscle me dio un tirón

5 (operate - trigger) apretar

6 familiar (attract - crowd, audience) atraer; (boy, girl) ligarse, ligar con

intransitive verb

1 (tug) tirar (at/on, de)

■ he pulled with all his strength tiró con todas sus fuerzas

2 (on pipe, cigarette) chupar, dar caladas a

3 (of vehicle - veer) tirar

pull ['pʊl, 'pʌl] vt

1) draw, tug: tirar de, jalar

2) extract: sacar, extraer

to pull teeth: sacar muelas

to pull a gun on: amenazar a (alguien) con pistola

3) tear: desgarrarse (un músculo, etc.)

4)

to pull down : bajar, echar abajo, derribar (un edificio)

5)

to pull in attract: atraer (una muchedumbre, etc.)

to pull in votes: conseguir votos

6)

to pull off remove: sacar, quitar

7)

to pull oneself together : calmarse, tranquilizarse

8)

to pull up raise: levantar, subir

pull vi

1) draw, tug: tirar, jalar

2) (indicating movement in a specific direction)

they pulled in front of us: se nos metieron delante

to pull to a stop: pararse

3)

to pull through recover: recobrarse, reponerse

4)

to pull together cooperate: trabajar juntos, cooperar

pull n

1) tug: tirón m, jalón m

he gave it a pull: le dio un tirón

2) attraction: atracción f, fuerza f

the pull of gravity: la fuerza de la gravedad

3) influence: influencia f

4) handle: tirador m (de un cajón, etc.)

5)

bell pull : cuerda f

pull

n.

• chupada s.f.

• estirón s.m.

• primeras pruebas s.f.pl.

• tirador s.m.

• tirón s.m.

v.

• arrastrar v.

• halar v.

• jalar v.

• tirar v.

• tirar de v.

I
1. pʊl
transitive verb

1)

a) ( draw) tirar de, jalar (AmL exc CS); ( drag) arrastrar

b) ( in specified direction) (+ adv compl)

pull your chair closer to the fire — acerca or arrima la silla al fuego

could you pull the door to/the curtains, please? — por favor, cierra la puerta/corre las cortinas

he was pulled from the rubble alive — lo sacaron vivo de entre los escombros

he pulled his hat down firmly over his ears — se caló el sombrero hasta las orejas

the current pulled him under — la corriente lo arrastró or se lo llevó al fondo

to pull the carpet o rug (out) from under somebody o somebody's feet — fastidiarle los planes a alguien, moverle* el tapete a alguien (Méx fam)

2)

a) ( tug) tirar de, jalar (AmL exc CS)

pull the other one! — (BrE colloq) me estás tomando el pelo (fam)

to pull strings o wires — ( use influence) tocar* todos los resortes or muchas teclas, mover* hilos

to pull the strings o wires — ( be in control) tener* la sartén por el mango

b) (tear, detach)

he pulled the toy to bits — rompió or destrozó el juguete

c) ( snag)

I've pulled a thread in my sweater — me he enganchado el suéter

3)

a) \<\<weeds/nail\>\> arrancar*; \<\<tooth\>\> sacar*

b) ( take out) sacar*

he pulled a gun on them — sacó una pistola y los amenazó; see also pull out

4) (colloq) \<\<crowd/audience\>\> atraer*; \<\<votes\>\> conseguir*

5) ( perform) (colloq)

don't you ever pull a stunt like that on me again — no me vuelvas a hacer una faena así or una cosa semejante

to pull a fast one on somebody — hacerle* una jugarreta a alguien (fam)

6) ( Med) \<\<muscle/tendon\>\> desgarrarse

2.

vi

1)

a) (drag, tug) tirar, jalar (AmL exc CS)

to pull AT/ON something — tirar de or (AmL exc CS) jalar algo

b) ( suck)

to pull ON o AT something — \<\<on pipe\>\> darle* una chupada or (AmL tb) una pitada or (Esp tb) una calada a algo

2)

a) \<\<vehicle\>\> ( move) (+ adv compl)

to pull off the road — salir* de la carretera

to pull into the station — entrar en la estación; see also pull in, pull up

b) ( row) remar

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- pull about

- pull ahead

- pull apart

- pull around

- pull away

- pull back

- pull down

- pull in

- pull off

- pull on

- pull out

- pull over

- pull through

- pull together

- pull up

II

noun

1) c ( tug) tirón m, jalón m (AmL exc CS)

each pull of the oars — cada golpe de remo

2) u

a) ( pulling force) fuerza f

the pull of gravity — la fuerza de la gravedad

b) ( influence) influencia f

3) c ( on cigarette) chupada f, pitada f (AmL), calada f (Esp); ( on drink) sorbo m

4) c ( difficult journey)

it was a hard pull up the hill — la subida de la colina fue difícil

[pʊl]
1. N

1) (=tug) tirón m, jalón m (LAm); (with oar etc) golpe m

give the rope a pull — tira de la cuerda

suddenly it gave a pull — de repente dio un tirón

2) [of moon, magnet, sea etc] (fuerza f de) atracción f; [of current] fuerza f, ímpetu m; (fig) (=attraction) atracción f

the pull of the south — la atracción del Sur, lo atractivo del Sur

3) * (=influence) enchufe * m, palanca f (LAm) *; (=advantage) ventaja f

he has pull in the right places — tiene influencia donde hace falta

they have a pull over us now — ahora nos llevan ventaja

he has a slight pull — tiene una pequeña ventaja

4) (at pipe, cigarette) chupada f; (at drink) trago m

he took a pull at his pipe — le dio una chupada a la pipa

he took a pull from the bottle — tomó un trago de la botella, dio un tiento a la botella (Sp)

5) (=journey, drive etc)

it was a long pull — fue mucho camino or trecho

we had a long pull up the hill — nos costó mucho trabajo subir la cuesta

6) (=handle of drawer etc) tirador m; [of bell] cuerda f

7) (Typ) primeras pruebas fpl

8) (Brit)
*
to be on the pull — estar de ligue (Sp) *, estar chequeando (LAm) *

2. VT

1) (=draw, drag) tirar de, jalar (LAm)

to pull a door shut/open — cerrar/abrir una puerta de un tirón or (LAm) jalón

the engine pulls six coaches — la locomotora arrastra seis vagones

pull your chair over — acerca la silla

his ideas pulled me the same way — sus ideas me llevaron por el mismo camino
punch I, 1., 2), weight 1., 1)
2) (=tug) tirar de, jalar (LAm); [+ trigger] apretar; [+ oar] tirar de; [+ boat] remar; (Naut) [+ rope] halar, jalar; [+ tooth] sacar; [+ weeds] arrancar

to pull sb's hair — tirar or (LAm) jalar de los pelos a algn

- pull the other one
leg 1., 1)
3) (=extract, draw out) sacar, arrancar; [+ beer] servir

to pull a gun on sb — amenazar a algn con una pistola
rank I, 1., 1)
4) (=injure)

to pull a muscle — sufrir un tirón en un músculo

5) [+ ball] (at golf etc) golpear oblicuamente (a la izquierda)

6) (Typ) imprimir

7) * (=cancel) [+ TV programme] suspender

8) * (=carry out, do)

what are you trying to pull? — ¿qué quieres conseguir?, ¿qué es lo que pretendes con esto?

to pull a fast one or a trick on sb — jugar una mala pasada a algn

9) * (=attract)

this will really pull the punters — esto seguramente atraerá clientela

he knows how to pull the birds — (Brit) sabe ligar con las chicas *

3. VI

1) tirar, jalar (LAm)

to pull at or on a rope — tirar de una cuerda

the car is pulling to the right — el coche tira hacia la derecha

the car isn't pulling very well — el coche no tira

2)

to pull at or on one's pipe — dar chupadas a la pipa

to pull at a bottle — tomar un trago or (Sp) dar un tiento a una botella

3) (=move) [vehicle] ir; [oarsmen etc] remar

he pulled sharply to one side to avoid the lorry — torció bruscamente a un lado para no chocar con el camión

the car pulled slowly up the hill — el coche subía despacio la cuesta

the train pulled into the station — el tren entró en la estación

he pulled alongside the kerb — se acercó al bordillo

it pulled to a stop — se paró

we pulled for the shore — remamos hacia la orilla

4) (Brit) * ligar *, pillar (cacho) (Sp) **

4.

CPD

pull ring, pull tab N — anilla f

- pull about

- pull ahead

- pull along

- pull apart

- pull away

- pull back

- pull down

- pull in

- pull off

- pull on

- pull out

- pull over

- pull round

- pull through

- pull together

- pull up

* * *

I
1. [pʊl]
transitive verb

1)

a) ( draw) tirar de, jalar (AmL exc CS); ( drag) arrastrar

b) ( in specified direction) (+ adv compl)

pull your chair closer to the fire — acerca or arrima la silla al fuego

could you pull the door to/the curtains, please? — por favor, cierra la puerta/corre las cortinas

he was pulled from the rubble alive — lo sacaron vivo de entre los escombros

he pulled his hat down firmly over his ears — se caló el sombrero hasta las orejas

the current pulled him under — la corriente lo arrastró or se lo llevó al fondo

to pull the carpet o rug (out) from under somebody o somebody's feet — fastidiarle los planes a alguien, moverle* el tapete a alguien (Méx fam)

2)

a) ( tug) tirar de, jalar (AmL exc CS)

pull the other one! — (BrE colloq) me estás tomando el pelo (fam)

to pull strings o wires — ( use influence) tocar* todos los resortes or muchas teclas, mover* hilos

to pull the strings o wires — ( be in control) tener* la sartén por el mango

b) (tear, detach)

he pulled the toy to bits — rompió or destrozó el juguete

c) ( snag)

I've pulled a thread in my sweater — me he enganchado el suéter

3)

a) \<\<weeds/nail\>\> arrancar*; \<\<tooth\>\> sacar*

b) ( take out) sacar*

he pulled a gun on them — sacó una pistola y los amenazó; see also pull out

4) (colloq) \<\<crowd/audience\>\> atraer*; \<\<votes\>\> conseguir*

5) ( perform) (colloq)

don't you ever pull a stunt like that on me again — no me vuelvas a hacer una faena así or una cosa semejante

to pull a fast one on somebody — hacerle* una jugarreta a alguien (fam)

6) ( Med) \<\<muscle/tendon\>\> desgarrarse

2.

vi

1)

a) (drag, tug) tirar, jalar (AmL exc CS)

to pull AT/ON something — tirar de or (AmL exc CS) jalar algo

b) ( suck)

to pull ON o AT something — \<\<on pipe\>\> darle* una chupada or (AmL tb) una pitada or (Esp tb) una calada a algo

2)

a) \<\<vehicle\>\> ( move) (+ adv compl)

to pull off the road — salir* de la carretera

to pull into the station — entrar en la estación; see also pull in, pull up

b) ( row) remar

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- pull about

- pull ahead

- pull apart

- pull around

- pull away

- pull back

- pull down

- pull in

- pull off

- pull on

- pull out

- pull over

- pull through

- pull together

- pull up

II

noun

1) c ( tug) tirón m, jalón m (AmL exc CS)

each pull of the oars — cada golpe de remo

2) u

a) ( pulling force) fuerza f

the pull of gravity — la fuerza de la gravedad

b) ( influence) influencia f

3) c ( on cigarette) chupada f, pitada f (AmL), calada f (Esp); ( on drink) sorbo m

4) c ( difficult journey)

it was a hard pull up the hill — la subida de la colina fue difícil

English-spanish dictionary > pull
2 pair

1. noun
1) (set of two) Paar, das

a pair of gloves/socks/shoes — etc. ein Paar Handschuhe/Socken/Schuhe usw.

a or one pair of hands/eyes — zwei Hände/Augen

in pairs — paarweise

the pair of them — die beiden

2) (single article)

a pair of pyjamas/scissors — etc. ein Schlafanzug/eine Schere usw.

a pair of trousers/jeans — eine Hose/Jeans; ein Paar Hosen/Jeans

3) (married couple) [Ehe]paar, das; (mated animals) Paar, das; Pärchen, das

4) (Cards) Pärchen, das
2. transitive verb
paaren; [paarweise] zusammenstellen

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/89765/pair_off">pair off

* * *
[peə] 1. noun
1) (a set of two of the same thing which are (intended to be) used etc together: a pair of shoes/gloves.) das Paar

2) (a single thing made up of two parts: a pair of scissors; a pair of pants.) (etwas Zweiteiliges)

3) (two people, animals etc, often one of either sex, who are thought of together for some reason: a pair of giant pandas; John and James are the guilty pair.) das Paar
2. verb
(to make into a pair: She was paired with my brother in the tennis match.) paarweise ordnen

* * *

pair

[peəʳ, AM per]

I. n

1. (two items) Paar nt

I've only got one \pair of hands ich habe [auch] nur zwei Hände

a \pair of eyes ein Augenpaar nt

a \pair of gloves/socks ein Paar nt Handschuhe/Socken

2. (two-part item) Paar nt

a \pair of glasses eine Brille

a \pair of scissors eine Schere

a \pair of trousers eine Hose

a \pair of tweezers eine Pinzette

3. + sing/pl vb (two people) Paar nt

in \pairs paarweise; (couple in a relationship) Paar nt, Pärchen nt

4. + sing/pl vb ZOOL Pärchen nt

5. + sing/pl vb (two horses) Zweiergespann nt

a carriage and \pair ein Zweispänner m

6. BRIT POL verabredete Abwesenheit von Abgeordneten verschiedener Parteien bei einer Abstimmung

II. vi animals sich akk paaren

III. vt usu passive

▪ to be \paired with sb/sth mit jdm/etw ein Paar bilden; BRIT POL

▪ to be \paired with sb mit einem Abgeordneten einer gegnerischen Partei ein Abkommen für die beiderseitige Abwesenheit bei einer Abstimmung treffen

* * *
[pɛə(r)]
1. n

1) (of gloves, shoes, people) Paar nt; (of animals, cards) Pärchen nt; (hum sl = breasts) Vorbau m (inf), Dinger pl (sl)

these socks are not a pair — diese beiden Socken gehören nich zusammen

a pair of scissors — eine Schere

six pairs of scissors — sechs Scheren

a new pair (of trousers) — eine neue (Hose); (of shoes) (ein Paar) neue

I've lost my scissors, could I borrow your pair? — ich habe meine Schere verloren, kannst du mir deine leihen?

I've only got one pair of hands —

he has a useful pair of hands (boxer) — er ist ein guter Boxer

to be or have a safe pair of hands — zuverlässig sein

a huge pair of eyes — ein riesiges Augenpaar

she has a great pair of legs — sie hat tolle Beine (inf)

in pairs — paarweise; hunt, arrive, go out zu zweit; be seated

they're a pair of rascals — das sind vielleicht zwei Lausejungen

what a pair of fools we are! — wir (beide) sind vielleicht dumm!

you're a fine pair you are! (iro) — ihr seid mir (vielleicht) ein sauberes Pärchen (iro)

2) pairssing or pl

the pairs (Skating) — Paarlauf m; (Rowing) Zweier m

in the pairs — im Paarlauf/Zweier

2. vt
in Paaren or paarweise anordnen
I was paired with Bob for the next round — in der nächsten Runde musste ich mit Bob ein Paar bilden

to be paired against sb — gegen jdn spielen

* * *

pair [peə(r)]

A s

1. Paar n:

a pair of boots (eyes, legs, etc): they arrived, etc in pairs paarweise;

these two gloves don’t make a pair gehören oder passen nicht zusammen;

I’ve got only one pair of hands umg ich hab (schließlich) nur zwei Hände, ich kann nicht mehr als arbeiten

2. etwas Zweiteiliges, meist unübersetzt: → glass A 8 c, scissor B 1, trouser A 1, etc;

two pairs of glasses zwei Brillen

3. Paar n, Pärchen n ( Mann und Frau, ZOOL Männchen und Weibchen):

pair skating (Eis-, Rollkunstlauf) Paarlauf(en) m(n);

pair skater Paarläufer(in)

4. POL

a) zwei Mitglieder verschiedener Parteien, die ein Abkommen getroffen haben, bei bestimmten Entscheidungen sich der Stimme zu enthalten oder der Sitzung fernzubleiben

b) dieses Abkommen

c) einer dieser Partner

5. Gegenstück n, (der, die, das) andere oder zweite (von einem Paar):

where is the pair to this shoe? wo ist der zweite Schuh?

6. (Zweier)Gespann n:

a pair of horses, auch a pair-horse, a pair ein (Zweier)Gespann;

carriage and pair Zweispänner m

7. Rudern: Zweier m (Mannschaft): → coxed, pair-oar

8. auch kinematic pair TECH Elementenpaar n:

sliding pair Prismen-, Ebenenpaar

9. Kartenspiel:

a) Paar n, Pärchen n (zwei gleichwertige Karten)

b) Paar n (zwei Spieler, die als Partner spielen)

10. Bergbau: Kameradschaft f (Arbeitsgruppe)

11. pair of stairs ( oder steps) Br Treppe f

B v/t

1. auch pair off ( oder up) paarweise anordnen, in Zweiergruppen einteilen:

pair off (junge) Leute zusammenbringen, verkuppeln;

he was paired (up) with SPORT etc er bekam … als Partner(in)

2. Tiere paaren ( with mit)

C v/i

1. zusammenpassen, ein schönes Paar bilden

2. sich verbinden, sich vereinigen ( beide:

with sb mit jemandem)

3. sich paaren (Tiere)

4. auch pair off POL (mit einem Mitglied einer anderen Partei) ein Abkommen treffen ( → A 4)

5. auch pair off ( oder up) Paare bilden

pr abk

1. pair

2. paper

3. power

* * *
1. noun
1) (set of two) Paar, das

a pair of gloves/socks/shoes — etc. ein Paar Handschuhe/Socken/Schuhe usw.

a or one pair of hands/eyes — zwei Hände/Augen

in pairs — paarweise

the pair of them — die beiden

2) (single article)

a pair of pyjamas/scissors — etc. ein Schlafanzug/eine Schere usw.

a pair of trousers/jeans — eine Hose/Jeans; ein Paar Hosen/Jeans

3) (married couple) [Ehe]paar, das; (mated animals) Paar, das; Pärchen, das

4) (Cards) Pärchen, das
2. transitive verb
paaren; [paarweise] zusammenstellen

Phrasal Verbs:

- pair off

* * *

n.

Paar -e n.

English-german dictionary > pair
3 σφήν

σφήν, σφηνός

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `wedge' (A. Pr. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. pap.).

Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σφηνό-πους, - ποδος `with wedge-shaped feet' ( κλίνη; Ceos V^a; cf. σφανίον below and Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), ἐπί-σφηνος `wedge-shaped' (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), ἀντι-σφήν `counter-wedge' (Ph. Bel.).

Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σφην-ίσκος m. (Hp. a.o.), - άριον n. (late medic.), uncertain - ίς, - ίδιον (Hero). 2. σφανίον κλινίδιον and ἐν σφανίῳ ἐν κλιναρίῳ H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); but παρα-σφήν-ιον n. `side-wedge' (hell. inscr. a. pap.) hypostasis. 3. - όομαι, - όω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, παρα-, `wedged in, to be wedged, to wedge (in)' (Arist., medic., hell. a. late) with σφήνωσις ( ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-) f. `the wedging in' (medic. a.o.), ἀποσφήν-ωμα n. `wedge-shaped block' (pap. II^p).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: From σφανίον and Cean σφηνόπους, of which the Η cannot render PGr. ē but must contain a PGr. a-sound, we get for σφήν a basic form *σφά̄ν, if need be *σφανσ- (cf. χήν) or *σφα-ην (WP. 2, 652f., Pok. 980, Schwyzer 487 n. 7 w. lit.; diff. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 162ff.). Through this the traditional identification (since Kuhn KZ 4, 15) with a Germ. word for `chip' in OHG spān, OE spōn, OWNo. spānn, spōnn, PGm. * spēn-u-, must be given up. The words given sub σπάθη may be compared. -- Skt. sphyá- n. m. approx. `slice, kind of oar etc.' (on the meaning Janert KZ 79, 89ff.) remains far; hypothesis by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 16 (agreeing Janert l.c.): to NHG Espe etc.; against this Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 164 f. -- So no etym.

Page in Frisk: 2,830-831

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφήν
4 σφηνός

σφήν, σφηνός

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `wedge' (A. Pr. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. pap.).

Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σφηνό-πους, - ποδος `with wedge-shaped feet' ( κλίνη; Ceos V^a; cf. σφανίον below and Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), ἐπί-σφηνος `wedge-shaped' (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), ἀντι-σφήν `counter-wedge' (Ph. Bel.).

Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σφην-ίσκος m. (Hp. a.o.), - άριον n. (late medic.), uncertain - ίς, - ίδιον (Hero). 2. σφανίον κλινίδιον and ἐν σφανίῳ ἐν κλιναρίῳ H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); but παρα-σφήν-ιον n. `side-wedge' (hell. inscr. a. pap.) hypostasis. 3. - όομαι, - όω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, παρα-, `wedged in, to be wedged, to wedge (in)' (Arist., medic., hell. a. late) with σφήνωσις ( ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-) f. `the wedging in' (medic. a.o.), ἀποσφήν-ωμα n. `wedge-shaped block' (pap. II^p).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: From σφανίον and Cean σφηνόπους, of which the Η cannot render PGr. ē but must contain a PGr. a-sound, we get for σφήν a basic form *σφά̄ν, if need be *σφανσ- (cf. χήν) or *σφα-ην (WP. 2, 652f., Pok. 980, Schwyzer 487 n. 7 w. lit.; diff. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 162ff.). Through this the traditional identification (since Kuhn KZ 4, 15) with a Germ. word for `chip' in OHG spān, OE spōn, OWNo. spānn, spōnn, PGm. * spēn-u-, must be given up. The words given sub σπάθη may be compared. -- Skt. sphyá- n. m. approx. `slice, kind of oar etc.' (on the meaning Janert KZ 79, 89ff.) remains far; hypothesis by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 16 (agreeing Janert l.c.): to NHG Espe etc.; against this Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 164 f. -- So no etym.

Page in Frisk: 2,830-831

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφηνός
5 paddle

I 1. noun
(oar) [Stech]paddel, das
2. transitive & intransitive verb
(in canoe) paddeln
II 1. intransitive verb
(with feet) planschen
2. noun
have a/go for a paddle — ein bisschen planschen/planschen gehen

* * *
['pædl] I verb
(to walk about in shallow water: The children went paddling in the sea.) planschen
II 1. noun
(a short, light oar, often with a blade at each end of the shaft, used in canoes etc.) das Paddel
2. verb
(to move with a paddle: He paddled the canoe along the river.) paddeln

- academic.ru/117800/paddle-steamer">paddle-steamer
- paddle-wheel
* * *

pad·dle¹

[ˈpædl̩]

I. n

1. (oar) Paddel nt

2. NAUT (on paddle wheel) Schaufel f; (paddle wheel) Schaufelrad nt

3. SPORT (bat) Schläger m

II. vt

1. (row)

to \paddle a boat/canoe ein Boot/Kanu mit Paddeln vorwärtsbewegen

2. esp AM ( fam: spank)

▪ to \paddle sb jdn versohlen fam

3.

▶ to \paddle one's own canoe auf eigenen Beinen [o Füßen] stehen

III. vi

1. (row) paddeln

2. (swim) paddeln

pad·dle²

[ˈpædl̩]

I. n Planschen nt kein pl

to go for [or have] a \paddle planschen gehen

II. vi planschen

* * *
['pdl]
1. n

1) (= oar) Paddel nt

2) (= blade of wheel) Schaufel f; (= wheel) Schaufelrad nt

3) (for mixing) Rührschaufel f

4)

Grandpa still enjoys a paddle — Opa plan(t)scht noch gern durchs Wasser

to go for a paddle, to have a paddle — durchs Wasser waten

5) (in table tennis) Schläger m

2. vt

1) boat paddeln

2)

to paddle one's feet in the water — mit den Füßen im Wasser plan(t)schen

paddle your feet and you'll stay afloat — du musst mit den Füßen paddeln, dann gehst du nicht unter

3) (US: spank) verhauen, versohlen (inf)

3. vi

1) (in boat) paddeln

2) (with feet, swimming) paddeln

3) (= walk in shallow water) waten

* * *

paddle¹ [ˈpædl]

A s

1. Paddel n

2. SCHIFF

a) Schaufel f (eines Schaufelrades)

b) Schaufelrad n (eines Flussdampfers)

c) → paddle steamer

3. TECH

a) Schaufel f (eines unterschlächtigen Wasserrades)

b) Schütz n, Falltor n (an Schleusen)

4. Waschbleuel m, -schlegel m

5. TECH Kratze f, Rührstange f

6. ZOOL Flosse f (eines Wals etc)

7. Tischtennisschläger m

8. (tischtennisschlägerförmiges) Nummernschild (bei Auktionen)

B v/i paddeln (auch schwimmen)

C v/t

1. paddeln: → canoe A 1

2. Wäsche bläuen

3. TECH (mit einer Rührstange) rühren

4. US umg jemandem den Hintern versohlen

paddle² [ˈpædl]

A v/i

1. (im Wasser etc) (herum)plan(t)schen

2. watscheln

B s Plan(t)schen n:

have a paddle → A 1

* * *
I 1. noun
(oar) [Stech]paddel, das
2. transitive & intransitive verb
(in canoe) paddeln
II 1. intransitive verb
(with feet) planschen
2. noun
have a/go for a paddle — ein bisschen planschen/planschen gehen

* * *

n.

Paddel - n.

Rührstange f.

Steuerknüppel m. (US) v.

verhauen v. v.

paddeln v.

planschen v.

rudern v.

watscheln v.

English-german dictionary > paddle
6 stroke

I noun
1) (act of striking) Hieb, der; Schlag, der; (of sword, axe) Hieb, der

finishing stroke — (lit. or fig.) Todesstoß, der

2) (Med.) Schlaganfall, der

paralytic/apoplectic stroke — paralytischer/apoplektischer Anfall

3) (sudden impact)

stroke of lightning — Blitzschlag, der

by a stroke of fate/fortune — durch eine Fügung des Schicksals/einen [glücklichen] Zufall

stroke of [good] luck — Glücksfall, der

have a stroke of bad/[good] luck — Pech/Glück haben

4) (single effort) Streich, der; (skilful effort) Schachzug, der

at a or one stroke — auf einen Schlag od. Streich

not do a stroke [of work] — keinen [Hand]schlag tun

stroke of genius — genialer Einfall

5) (of pendulum, heart, wings, oar) Schlag, der; (in swimming) Zug, der

6) (Billiards etc.) Stoß, der; (Tennis, Cricket, Golf, Rowing) Schlag, der

7) (mark, line) Strich, der; (of handwriting; also fig.): (detail) Zug, der; (symbol /) Schrägstrich, der

8) (sound of clock) Schlag, der

on the stroke of nine — Punkt neun [Uhr]
II 1. transitive verb
streicheln

stroke something over/across something — mit etwas über etwas (Akk.) streichen

stroke something back — etwas zurückstreichen
2. noun
give somebody/something a stroke — jemanden/etwas streicheln

* * *
[strəuk] I noun
1) (an act of hitting, or the blow given: He felled the tree with one stroke of the axe; the stroke of a whip.) der Schlag

2) (a sudden occurrence of something: a stroke of lightning; an unfortunate stroke of fate; What a stroke of luck to find that money!) der Schlag

3) (the sound made by a clock striking the hour: She arrived on the stroke of (= punctually at) ten.) Schlag-...

4) (a movement or mark made in one direction by a pen, pencil, paintbrush etc: short, even pencil strokes.) der Strich

5) (a single pull of an oar in rowing, or a hit with the bat in playing cricket.) der Schlag

6) (a movement of the arms and legs in swimming, or a particular method of swimming: He swam with slow, strong strokes; Can you do breaststroke/backstroke?) der Schlag

7) (an effort or action: I haven't done a stroke (of work) all day.) der Schlag

8) (a sudden attack of illness which damages the brain, causing paralysis, loss of feeling in the body etc.) der Schlaganfall

•

- academic.ru/115139/at_a_stroke">at a stroke
II 1. verb
(to rub (eg a furry animal) gently and repeatedly in one direction, especially as a sign of affection: He stroked the cat / her hair; The dog loves being stroked.) streicheln
2. noun
(an act of stroking: He gave the dog a stroke.) das Streicheln

* * *

stroke

[strəʊk, AM stroʊk]

I. vt

1. (rub)

▪ to \stroke sth/sb etw/jdn streicheln

to \stroke one's beard sich akk über den Bart streichen

to \stroke one's hair down [or into place] sich akk das Haar glatt streichen

2. (hit)

to \stroke the ball den Ball [leicht] streifen

II. n

1. (rub) Streicheln nt kein pl

to give sb a \stroke jdn streicheln; ( fig) jdm Honig ums Maul schmieren fam

to give sth a \stroke über etw akk streichen

2. MED (attack) Schlaganfall m, SCHWEIZ a. Streifung f

to have/suffer a \stroke einen Schlaganfall bekommen/erleiden

3. (mark) Strich m

brush \stroke Pinselstrich m

4. (hitting a ball) Schlag m

you've won by three \strokes (in golf) du hast über drei Schläge gewonnen

5. ( form: blow) Schlag m, Hieb m

6. no pl (swimming style) [Schwimm]stil m

breast \stroke Brustschwimmen nt

7. (swimming movement) Zug m

with powerful \strokes she set out across the lake mit kräftigen Zügen schwamm sie durch den See

8. (piece)

by a \stroke of fate [or good fortune] durch eine Fügung des Schicksals, durch einen glücklichen Zufall

a \stroke of luck ein Glücksfall [o Glückstreffer] m

a \stroke of bad luck Pech nt

by a \stroke of [bad] luck [un]glücklicherweise

9. (action) [geschickter] Schachzug m

policy \stroke politischer Schachzug

a \stroke of genius ein genialer Einfall

bold \stroke mutiger Vorstoß

10. no pl, usu in neg ( fam: of work) Handschlag m, Handgriff m ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ

she hasn't done a \stroke of work sie hat noch keinen Handschlag getan

11. (of a clock) Schlag m

at the \stroke of ten um Punkt zehn Uhr

12. BRIT (oblique) [Schräg]strich m

13. AM ( fam: praise)

[positive] \strokes Lob nt

14.

▶ at a [single] [or in one] \stroke mit einem Schlag, auf einen Streich

▶ to be off one's \stroke nicht in Form sein

▶ at [or with] the \stroke of a pen mit einem Federstrich

▶ to put sb off their \stroke jdn aus dem Konzept bringen

* * *
[strəʊk]
1. n

1) (= blow) Schlag m, Hieb m

a stroke of lightning — ein Blitz(schlag) m

2) (CRICKET, GOLF, ROWING, TENNIS) Schlag m; (BILLIARDS) Stoß m; (SWIMMING = movement) Zug m; (= type of stroke) Stil m

stroke rate (Rowing) — Schlagzahl f

they are rowing ( at) a fast stroke — sie rudern mit hoher Schlagzahl

to put sb off his stroke (fig) — jdn aus dem Takt or Konzept bringen

3) (ROWING: person) Schlagmann m

4) (of pen, brush etc) Strich m; (fig, of work) Schlag m; (in diplomacy, business) Schachzug m

he doesn't do a stroke (of work) — er tut keinen Schlag (inf), er rührt keinen Finger (inf)

a stroke of genius — ein genialer Einfall

a stroke of luck — ein Glücksfall m

we had a stroke of luck — wir hatten Glück

with one stroke of the pen (lit, fig) — mit einem Federstrich

at a or one stroke — mit einem Schlag

5) (of clock) Schlag m

on the stroke of twelve — Punkt zwölf (Uhr)

6) (of piston) Hub m

two-stroke engine — Zweitaktmotor m

7) (MED) Schlag m

to have a stroke — einen Schlag(anfall) bekommen

8) (= caress) Streicheln nt no pl

to give sb/sth a stroke — jdn/etw streicheln

with gentle strokes — mit sanftem Streicheln

different strokes for different folks ( esp US inf ) — jedem Tierchen sein Pläsierchen (hum inf)

2. vt

1) cat, hand, hair, face streicheln

he stroked his chin — er strich sich (dat) übers Kinn

to stroke one's hair down — sich (dat) das Haar glatt streichen

2)

to stroke a boat ( to victory) — als Schlagmann (ein Boot zum Sieg) rudern

* * *

stroke [strəʊk]

A s

1. (auch Blitz-, Flügel-, Schicksals) Schlag m:

a stroke of lightning auch ein Blitz m;

at a ( oder one) stroke mit einem Schlag, bes fig a. auf einen Streich;

a good stroke of business ein gutes Geschäft;

stroke of (good) luck Glückstreffer m, -fall m;

by a stroke of fortune ( oder luck) durch einen Glücksfall oder glückhaften Zufall;

he has not done a stroke of work er hat (noch) keinen Strich getan

2. a) (Glocken-, Hammer-, Herz- etc) Schlag m:

on the stroke pünktlich;

on the stroke of nine Schlag oder Punkt neun

b) → keystroke

3. MED Anfall m, besonders Schlag(anfall) m

4. TECH

a) (Kolben) Hub m

b) Hubhöhe f

c) besonders Br Takt m:

two-stroke engine Zweitaktmotor m, Zweitakter m

5. SPORT

a) Schwimmen: Stoß m, (Bein) Schlag m, (Arm) Zug m

b) Golf, Rudern, Tennis etc: Schlag m

c) Rudern: Schlagzahl f:

set the stroke die Schlagzahl bestimmen

6. Rudern: Schlagmann m, -frau f:

row stroke am Schlag sitzen

7. a) (Pinsel-, Feder) Strich m, (Feder) Zug m:

put ( oder add) the finishing stroke(s) to sth einer Sache (den letzten) Schliff geben, letzte Hand an etwas legen;

with a stroke of the pen mit einem Federstrich (a. fig);

a stroke above umg ein gutes Stück besser als

b) Schrägstrich m

8. fig (Hand-)Streich m, Manöver n, (energische) Maßnahme:

a clever stroke ein geschickter Schachzug

9. (glänzender) Einfall, (großer) Wurf, (glänzende) Leistung:

a stroke of genius ein Geniestreich m

10. Stil m, Manier f, Art f

11. MUS

a) Schlag(bewegung) m(f) (des Dirigenten etc)

b) (Bogen) Strich m

c) (Tasten) Anschlag m

d) (Noten) Balken m

12. MATH Pfeil m, Vektor m

13. a) Streicheln n:

give sb a stroke jemanden streicheln

b) oft hum Streicheleinheit f

B v/t

1. Tennis etc: einen Ball schlagen

2. mit einem Strich oder mit Strichen kennzeichnen

3. meist stroke out (aus-)streichen

4. stroke a boat (Rudern) am Schlag eines Boots sitzen

5. streichen über (akk):

stroke one’s hair sich übers Haar streichen;

stroke sb the wrong way fig jemanden reizen

6. streicheln

7. US umg jemandem um den Bart gehen oder streichen

C v/i stroke at mit einer bestimmten Schlagzahl rudern

* * *
I noun
1) (act of striking) Hieb, der; Schlag, der; (of sword, axe) Hieb, der

finishing stroke — (lit. or fig.) Todesstoß, der

2) (Med.) Schlaganfall, der

paralytic/apoplectic stroke — paralytischer/apoplektischer Anfall

3) (sudden impact)

stroke of lightning — Blitzschlag, der

by a stroke of fate/fortune — durch eine Fügung des Schicksals/einen [glücklichen] Zufall

stroke of [good] luck — Glücksfall, der

have a stroke of bad/[good] luck — Pech/Glück haben

4) (single effort) Streich, der; (skilful effort) Schachzug, der

at a or one stroke — auf einen Schlag od. Streich

not do a stroke [of work] — keinen [Hand]schlag tun

stroke of genius — genialer Einfall

5) (of pendulum, heart, wings, oar) Schlag, der; (in swimming) Zug, der

6) (Billiards etc.) Stoß, der; (Tennis, Cricket, Golf, Rowing) Schlag, der

7) (mark, line) Strich, der; (of handwriting; also fig.): (detail) Zug, der; (symbol /) Schrägstrich, der

8) (sound of clock) Schlag, der

on the stroke of nine — Punkt neun [Uhr]
II 1. transitive verb
streicheln

stroke something over/across something — mit etwas über etwas (Akk.) streichen

stroke something back — etwas zurückstreichen
2. noun
give somebody/something a stroke — jemanden/etwas streicheln

* * *

(/) n.

Schrägstrich (/) m. n.

Hieb -e m.

Schlag -¨e m.

Schlaganfall m.

Stoß ¨-e m.

Streich -e m.

Strich -e m.

Takt -e m. v.

streicheln v.

English-german dictionary > stroke
7 dazwischenfunken

v/i (trennb., hat -ge-) umg.

1. interfere ( jemandem with s.o.’s plans etc.), put one’s oar in; (Pläne etc. vereiteln) put a spoke in the wheel ( oder a spanner oder Am. wrench in the works)

2. im Gespräch: butt in

* * *
da|zwị|schen|fun|ken
vi sep (RAD)
to jam the signal; (inf = eingreifen) to put one's oar in (inf); (= etw vereiteln) to put a spoke in it (inf)
* * *

da·zwi·schen|fun·ken

vi (fam)

▪ [jdm] \dazwischenfunken to mess sth up [for sb] sep fam; (seinen Senf dazugeben) to put [or stick] one's oar in pej fam; (unaufgefordert in einem Gespräch) to butt in [on sb] fam

* * *

intransitives Verb (ugs.) put a spanner in the works; (sich einmischen) put one's oar in

* * *

dazwischenfunken v/i (trennb, hat -ge-) umg

1. interfere (

jemandem with sb’s plans etc), put one’s oar in; (Pläne etc vereiteln) put a spoke in the wheel ( oder a spanner oder US wrench in the works)

2. im Gespräch: butt in

* * *

intransitives Verb (ugs.) put a spanner in the works; (sich einmischen) put one's oar in

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > dazwischenfunken
8 paddle

'pædl
I verb
(to walk about in shallow water: The children went paddling in the sea.) chapotear, mojarse los pies

II
1. noun
(a short, light oar, often with a blade at each end of the shaft, used in canoes etc.) canalete, pala, remo

2. verb
(to move with a paddle: He paddled the canoe along the river.)

- paddle-steamer
- paddle-wheel

paddle¹ n remo / pala

she dropped the paddle and then she couldn't control the canoe dejó caer el remo y luego no podía controlar la canoa

paddle² vb

1. remar

we paddled round the lake in a canoe remamos por el lago en canoa

2. mojarse los pies

he rolled up his trousers and paddled in the sea se arremangó el pantalón y se mojó los pies en el mar

El gerundio de paddle se escribe paddling

paddle

tr['pædəl]

intransitive verb

1 (walk or play in water) mojarse los pies, chapotear

noun

1 chapoteo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to go for a paddle mojarse los pies, chapotear

————————

paddle

tr['pædəl]

noun

1 (oar) pala, remo, canalete nombre masculino

2 (blade on paddle wheel) álabe nombre masculino, paleta

transitive verb

1 (boat, canoe) remar con pala, remar con canalete

intransitive verb

1 remar con pala, remar con canalete

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to paddle one's own canoe figurative use arreglárselas uno,-a solo,-a

paddle boat / paddle steamer vapor nombre masculino de ruedas

paddle wheel rueda hidráulica de paletas

paddle ['pædəl] v, - dled ; - dling vt

1) : hacer avanzar (una canoa) con canalete

2) hit: azotar, darle nalgadas a (con una pala o paleta)

paddle vi

1) : remar (en una canoa)

2) splash: chapotear, mojarse los pies

paddle n

1) : canalete m, zagual m (de una canoa, etc.)

2) : pala f, paleta f (en deportes)

paddle

n.

• canalete s.m.

• pala de una rueda s.f.

• paleta s.f.

• remo s.m.

• zagual s.m.

v.

• guachapear v.

• impulsar con canalete v.

• remar con canalete v.

'pædḷ
I

noun

1) c

a) ( oar) zagual m, pala f, remo m pequeño

b) paddle (wheel) rueda f hidráulica de paletas

c) ( on paddle wheel) paleta f

2) (no pl)

to go for a paddle — ir* a mojarse los pies

II
1.

intransitive verb

1) ( wet feet) mojarse los pies ( en la orilla)

2)

a) ( in canoe) remar

b) ( swim) \<\<duck/dog\>\> chapotear

2.

vt \<\<boat/canoe\>\> llevar ( remando con pala or zagual)

['pædl]
1. N

1) (=oar) zagual m, pala f, remo m (LAm); (=blade of wheel) paleta f ; (=wheel) rueda f de paletas

2) (US) (=bat) raqueta f

3)

to go for or have a paddle — ir a chapotear, ir a mojarse los pies

2. VT

1) [+ boat] remar con pala

2) (US) * (=spank) azotar, zurrar *

3)

to paddle one's feet in the sea — mojarse los pies en el mar

3. VI

1) (in boat) remar con pala

they paddled to the bank — dirigieron el bote a la orilla

2) (=walk in water) mojarse los pies

4.

CPD

paddle boat, paddle steamer N — vapor m de ruedas or paletas

paddle wheel N — rueda f de paletas

* * *
['pædḷ]
I

noun

1) c

a) ( oar) zagual m, pala f, remo m pequeño

b) paddle (wheel) rueda f hidráulica de paletas

c) ( on paddle wheel) paleta f

2) (no pl)

to go for a paddle — ir* a mojarse los pies

II
1.

intransitive verb

1) ( wet feet) mojarse los pies ( en la orilla)

2)

a) ( in canoe) remar

b) ( swim) \<\<duck/dog\>\> chapotear

2.

vt \<\<boat/canoe\>\> llevar ( remando con pala or zagual)

English-spanish dictionary > paddle
9 cuchara

f.

1 spoon.

cuchara de palo wooden spoon

cuchara sopera soup spoon

2 spoonful (cucharada).

3 tablespoon, spoon, dipper, scoop.

4 landing net, small bag-shaped net for scooping a hooked fish into the boat.

imperf.subj.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Imperfect Subjunctive of Spanish verb: cuchar.

* * *

cuchara

► nombre femenino

1 spoon

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

meter algo con cuchara a alguien familiar to drum something into somebody

meter cuchara familiar to butt in

cuchara de café teaspoon, coffee spoon

cuchara medidora measuring spoon

cuchara sopera soup spoon

* * *

noun f.

spoon

* * *

1. SF

1) [para comer] spoon

con la cuchara grande esp LAm —

despacharse o servirse con la cuchara grande — to look after number one *

- meter algo a algn con cuchara

- meter la cuchara

- soplar cuchara

- soplar cuchara caliente

cuchara de café — coffee spoon, ≈ teaspoon

cuchara de palo — wooden spoon

cuchara de postre — dessert spoon

cuchara de servir — serving spoon, tablespoon

cuchara de sopa — soup spoon

2) (Téc) scoop, bucket

3) (=cucharón) ladle

4) LAm (=llana) flat trowel

albañil de cuchara — skilled bricklayer

5) CAm, Chile
*
hacer cuchara(s) — to pout

6)

militar de cuchara — * officer who has risen from the ranks, ranker

2.

SMF Méx * (=carterista) pickpocket

* * *

femenino

1) spoon

meter (la) cuchara — (fam) ( en una conversación) to put one's oar in (colloq); ( en un asunto) to get in on the act (colloq)

meterle algo a alguien con cuchara — (fam) to spoon-feed somebody with something

recoger a alguien con cuchara: estoy para que me recojan con cuchara — I'm ready to drop (colloq)

- cuchara de postre

- cuchara de servir

- cuchara sopera or de sopa

2)

a) ( de excavadora) bucket

b) ( para pescar) spinner, spoon

c) (RPl) ( de albañil) trowel

* * *

= spoon.

Ex. The article is entitled 'Feeding with the spoon, or the effects of shelf classification of fiction on the loaning of fiction'.

----

* pico de cuchara = spoonbill.

* * *

femenino

1) spoon

meter (la) cuchara — (fam) ( en una conversación) to put one's oar in (colloq); ( en un asunto) to get in on the act (colloq)

meterle algo a alguien con cuchara — (fam) to spoon-feed somebody with something

recoger a alguien con cuchara: estoy para que me recojan con cuchara — I'm ready to drop (colloq)

- cuchara de postre

- cuchara de servir

- cuchara sopera or de sopa

2)

a) ( de excavadora) bucket

b) ( para pescar) spinner, spoon

c) (RPl) ( de albañil) trowel

* * *

= spoon.

Ex: The article is entitled 'Feeding with the spoon, or the effects of shelf classification of fiction on the loaning of fiction'.

* pico de cuchara = spoonbill.

* * *

cuchara

feminine

A spoon

de cuchara ( Esp arg) chusquero:

meter (la) cuchara ( fam) (en una conversación) to put o stick one's oar in ( colloq) (en un asunto) to get in on the act ( colloq)

meterle algo a algn con cuchara ( fam); to spoon-feed sb with sth

recoger a algn con cuchara: estoy para que me recojan con cuchara I'm exhausted o ( colloq) I'm ready to drop

Compuestos:

● cuchara de palo or de madera

wooden spoon

● cuchara de postre

dessertspoon

● cuchara de servir

tablespoon, serving spoon

● cuchara sopera or de sopa

soup spoon

B

1 (de una excavadora) bucket

2 (para pescar) spinner, spoon

3 ( RPl) (de albañil) trowel

* * *

cuchara sustantivo femenino
spoon;
◊ cuchara de postre dessertspoon;

cuchara sopera or de sopa soup spoon
cuchara sustantivo femenino spoon
cuchara de postre, dessert spoon
cuchara de servir, serving spoon
cuchara sopera, soupspoon
Los diferentes tamaños de la cuchara se definen según su uso: teaspoon (cucharilla de té), coffeespoon (cucharilla de café), dessert spoon (cuchara para postres), soupspoon (cuchara sopera), tablespoon y serving spoon (cuchara para servir) y ladle (cucharón). Las cantidades contenidas se expresan añadiendo -ful: spoonful, teaspoonful, coffeespoonful, tablespoonful, etc.

' cuchara' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cucharilla
- cucharón
- palo
- revolver
English:
dessertspoon
- dip
- finger
- ladle
- scoop
- scoop out
- soupspoon
- spoon
- spoon-feed
- tablespoon
- tablespoonful
- teaspoon
- teaspoonful
- measuring
- serving
- table

* * *

cuchara nf

1. [para comer] spoon;

Comp
Fam
meter la cuchara to stick one's oar in

Comp
cuchara de café coffee spoon;
cuchara de madera wooden spoon;

la cuchara de madera [en rugby] the wooden spoon;

cuchara de palo wooden spoon;

cuchara sopera soup spoon

2. [cucharada] spoonful

3. [de grúa, pala] bucket, scoop

4. [ave] shoveler

5. Am [de albañil] trowel

* * *

cuchara

f

1 spoon;

meter su cuchara L.Am. fam stick one’s oar in fam

2 L.Am. ( paleta) trowel

* * *

cuchara nf

: spoon

* * *

cuchara n spoon

Spanish-English dictionary > cuchara
10 Riemen

m; -s, -; NAUT. oar; sich in die Riemen legen lean into the oars; fig. put one’s back into it

—

Riemen2

m; -s, -; mit Schnallen oder Löchern: strap; schmaler, langer: thong; TECH. (Treibriemen) (driving) belt; am Gewehr: sling; zum Schleifen: strop; (Schuhbändel) (leather) shoelace; (Hundeleine) (dog) lead; den Riemen enger schnallen fig. tighten one’s belt; sich am Riemen reißen pull o.s. together

* * *

der Riemen

strap; belt; thong

* * *
Rie|men I ['riːmən]
m -s, -
(= Treibriemen, Gürtel) belt; (an Schuhen, Kleidung, Koffer, Gepäck) strap; (= Schnürsenkel) leather shoelace; (= Peitschenriemen) thong
jdn mit einem Ríémen verdreschen — to strap sb, to give sb the strap or belt

den Ríémen enger schnallen (fig) — to tighten one's belt

sich am Ríémen reißen (fig inf) — to get a grip on oneself
II
m -s, - (SPORT)
oar
die Ríémen einlegen — to ship oars

sich in die Ríémen legen (lit, fig) — to put one's back into it

* * *

der

1) (a similar object used to set wheels in motion: the belt of a vacuum-cleaner.) belt

2) (a narrow strip of leather, cloth, or other material, eg with a buckle for fastening something (eg a suitcase, wristwatch etc) or by which to hold, hang or support something ( eg a camera, rucksack etc): I need a new watch-strap; luggage straps.) strap

* * *

Rie·men¹

<-s, ->

[ˈri:mən]

m (schmaler Streifen) strap

▶ den \Riemen enger schnallen (fam) to tighten one's belt

▶ sich akk am \Riemen reißen (fam) to get a grip on oneself, to pull one's socks up BRIT

Rie·men²

<-s, ->

[ˈri:mən]

m NAUT, SPORT oar

sich akk in die \Riemen legen (a. fig) to put one's back into it

* * *

der; Riemens, Riemen

1) strap; (TreibRiemen, Gürtel) belt

sich am Riemen reißen — (ugs.) pull oneself together

den Riemen enger schnallen — (fig. ugs.) tighten one's belt

2) (Ruder) [long] oar

* * *

Riemen¹ m; -s, -; SCHIFF oar;

sich in die Riemen legen lean into the oars; fig put one’s back into it

Riemen² m; -s, -; mit Schnallen oder Löchern: strap; schmaler, langer: thong; TECH (Treibriemen) (driving) belt; am Gewehr: sling; zum Schleifen: strop; (Schuhbändel) (leather) shoelace; (Hundeleine) (dog) lead;

den Riemen enger schnallen fig tighten one’s belt;

sich am Riemen reißen pull o.s. together

* * *

der; Riemens, Riemen

1) strap; (TreibRiemen, Gürtel) belt

sich am Riemen reißen — (ugs.) pull oneself together

den Riemen enger schnallen — (fig. ugs.) tighten one's belt

2) (Ruder) [long] oar

* * *

- m.

belt n.

thong n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Riemen
11 ÁR

year

* * *

I)

n.

1) year; at ári, next year; telja árum, to count time by years;

2) plenty, abundance, fruitfulnes (þá var ár um öll lönd);

3) the name of the Rune A.

II)

f. oar; draga skip á árum, to pull the boat with oars; þungr undir árum, heavy to pull; draga árar um e-t, to contend for; koma eigi ár sinni fyrlr borð, to be under restraint.

III)

n. first beginning; ár var alda, in times of yore; at morgins ári, um morguninn í ár = árla um morguninn, early in the morning.

IV)

adv.

1) anciently, of yore;

2) early (ár um morguninn).

V)

from á, river.

* * *

1.

n. [Goth. jêr; A. S. gear; Engl. year; Germ. jabr; the Scandin. idioms all drop the j, as in ungr, young; cp. also the Gr. ωρα; Lat. hora; Ulf. renders not only ετος but also sometimes καιρός and χρόνος by jêr].

I. a year, = Lat. annus, divided into twelve lunar months, each of 30 days, with four intercalary days, thus making 364 days; as the year was reckoned about the middle of the 10th century (the original calculation probably only reckoned 360 days, and made up the difference by irregular intercalary months). About the year 960 Thorstein Surt introduced the sumarauki (intercalary week), to be inserted every seventh year, thus bringing the year up to 365 days. After the introduction of Christianity (A. D. 1000) the sumarauki was made to harmonize with the Julian calendar; but from A. D. 1700 with the Gregorian calendar; v. the words sumarauki, hlaupár, mánuðr, vika, etc., Íb. ch. 4, Rb. 6, Fms. i. 67; telja árum, to count the time by years, Vsp. 6; í ári, used adverb., at present, as yet, Ó. H. 41, 42 (in a verse).

II. = Lat. annona, plenty, abundance, fruitfulness; the phrase, friðr ok ár, Fms. vii. 174, Hkr. Yngl. ch. 8–12; ár ok fésæla, Hkr. l. c.; þá var ár urn öll lönd, id.; létu hlaða skip mörg af korni ok annarri gæzku, ok flytja svá ár í Danmörku, Fms. xi. 8, Sks. 323, Fas. i. 526, Hom. 68; gott ár, Eg. 39; blota til árs, Fms. i. 34.

III. the name of the Rune RUNE (a), Skálda 176; in the A. S. and Goth. Runes the j has the name jêr, gêr, according to the Germ. and Engl. pronunciation of this word; vide p. 2, col. 1.

COMPDS: áratal, ársbót.

2.

adv.

I. Lat. olim [Ulf. air = παλαί; Engl. yore], used nearly as a substantive followed by a gen., but only in poetry; in the phrase, ár var alda, in times of yore, in principio, Vsp. 3, Hkv. 2. 1: also, ár var þaz (= þat es), the beginning of some of the mythical and heroical poems, Skv. 3. i, Gkv. 1. 1; cp. árdagar.

II. Lat. mane [A. S. ær; O. H. G. êr; cp. Gr. ηρι-, Engl. early, Icel. árla], rare, (the prolonged form árla is freq.); it, however, still exists in the Icel. common phrase, með morgunsárinu (spelt and proncd. in a single word), primo diluculo; elsewhere poet, or in laws, ár of morgin, early of a morning, Hðm. verse 1, Grág. ii. 280; rísa ár, to rise early, Hm. 58, 59; ár né um nætr, Hkv. 2. 34, etc.; í ár, adverb. = early, Ísl. ii. (Hænsa Þór. S.) 161; snemma í ár, Ld. 46, MS., where the Ed. um morgininn í ár, Fas. i. 503: it also sometimes means for ever, svá at ár Hýmir ekki mælti, for an age he did not utter a word, remained silent as if stupefied, Hým. 25, Lex. Poët.; ara þúfu á skaltu ár sitja, Skm. 27; cp. the mod. phrase, ár ok síð og allan tíð, early and late and always. In compds = Lat. matutinus.

3.

f. [A. S. ár; Engl. oar; Swed. åre], an oar, old form of nom., dat., acc. sing. ́r; dat. ́ru or áru, Eb. 60 new Ed., but commonly ár; pl. árar, Eg. 221, 360, Fms. viii. 189, 417: metaph. in the phrases, koma eigi ár sinni fyrir borð, to be under restraint, esp. in a bad sense, of one who cannot run as fast as he likes, Eb. 170; vera á árum e-s = undir ára burði e-s, v. below; draga árar um e-t, to contend about a thing, the metaphor taken from a rowing match, Fær. 159; taka djúpt í árinni, to dip too deep, overdo a thing.

COMPDS: árarblað, áraburðr, áragangr, árakló, áralag, árarhlumr, árarhlutr, árarstubbi, árartog, árartré.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ÁR
12 stroke

[strəuk] I noun
1) (an act of hitting, or the blow given: He felled the tree with one stroke of the axe; the stroke of a whip.) slag

2) (a sudden occurrence of something: a stroke of lightning; an unfortunate stroke of fate; What a stroke of luck to find that money!) lynnedslag; skæbnetilfælde; lykketræf

3) (the sound made by a clock striking the hour: She arrived on the stroke of (= punctually at) ten.) slag

4) (a movement or mark made in one direction by a pen, pencil, paintbrush etc: short, even pencil strokes.) strøg

5) (a single pull of an oar in rowing, or a hit with the bat in playing cricket.) slag

6) (a movement of the arms and legs in swimming, or a particular method of swimming: He swam with slow, strong strokes; Can you do breaststroke/backstroke?) tag; svømning; -svømning

7) (an effort or action: I haven't done a stroke (of work) all day.) pind

8) (a sudden attack of illness which damages the brain, causing paralysis, loss of feeling in the body etc.) hjerneblødning; slagtilfælde

•

- at a stroke
II 1. verb
(to rub (eg a furry animal) gently and repeatedly in one direction, especially as a sign of affection: He stroked the cat / her hair; The dog loves being stroked.) stryge
2. noun
(an act of stroking: He gave the dog a stroke.) kærtegn; aen

* * *
[strəuk] I noun
1) (an act of hitting, or the blow given: He felled the tree with one stroke of the axe; the stroke of a whip.) slag

2) (a sudden occurrence of something: a stroke of lightning; an unfortunate stroke of fate; What a stroke of luck to find that money!) lynnedslag; skæbnetilfælde; lykketræf

3) (the sound made by a clock striking the hour: She arrived on the stroke of (= punctually at) ten.) slag

4) (a movement or mark made in one direction by a pen, pencil, paintbrush etc: short, even pencil strokes.) strøg

5) (a single pull of an oar in rowing, or a hit with the bat in playing cricket.) slag

6) (a movement of the arms and legs in swimming, or a particular method of swimming: He swam with slow, strong strokes; Can you do breaststroke/backstroke?) tag; svømning; -svømning

7) (an effort or action: I haven't done a stroke (of work) all day.) pind

8) (a sudden attack of illness which damages the brain, causing paralysis, loss of feeling in the body etc.) hjerneblødning; slagtilfælde

•

- at a stroke
II 1. verb
(to rub (eg a furry animal) gently and repeatedly in one direction, especially as a sign of affection: He stroked the cat / her hair; The dog loves being stroked.) stryge
2. noun
(an act of stroking: He gave the dog a stroke.) kærtegn; aen

English-Danish dictionary > stroke
13 πλατύς 1

πλατύς 1.

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `wide, broad, flat, level' (Il.).

Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. πλατύ-φυλλος `broad-leaved' (Arist., Thphr.).

Derivatives: πλατύτης f. `width, breadth' (Hp., X.); πλατύνω, also w. δια-, ἐν- a.o., `to widen, to make broad' (X., Arist.) with πλάτ-υσμα (- υμμα) n. `dish, brick etc.' (Herod., Hero, pap.), - υσμός m. `broadening' (Arist., LXX). Also πλατεῖον n. `board, table' (Plb.), after the instrument names in - εῖον; from πλατεῖα ( χείρ, φωνή e. o.) πλατειάζω `to blow with the flat of the hand' (Pherecr.), `pronounce broadly' (Theoc.). -- Besides several formations: πλάτος n. `width, breadth, size' (Simon., Emp., Hdt., Ar.) with ἀ-πλατής `without breadth' (Arist.); πλατ-ικός (v.l. - υκός) `concerning the width, breadth, exhaustive, extensive' (Vett. Val., Arist.-comm.); cf. γεν-ικός to γένος. -- πλαταμών, - ῶνος m. `flat stone, ledge of rock, flat beach etc.' (h. Merc. 128, hell.) with - αμώδης `flat' (Arist.). -- πλάτη f. `blade of an oar, oar', meton. `ship', also `shoulder blade' (usu. ὠμο-πλάτη Hp.) (trag., Arist.); πλάτης, Dor. -ᾱς m. `pedestal of a gravestone' (inscr. Asia Minor, cf. γύης, πόρκης); πλάτιγξ τῆς κώπης τὸ ἄκρον H. -- PN Πλάταια (Β 504 a.o.), usu. pl. - αί f. (IA.) town in Boeotia with - αιίς, - αιεῖς etc.; accent-change as in ἄγυια: - αί (s. v.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [833] * pleth₂- `broad'

Etymology: With πλατύς are deiretcly dientical Skt. pr̥thú-, Av. pǝrǝʮu- `wide, broad' (on the dental bel.). To this πλάτος like e.g. βάρος to βαρύς (s. v.) with zero grade instead of the older full grade in Skt. práthas- = Av. fraʮah- n. `breadth', Celt., e.g. Welsh. lled `id.' Also πλαταμών has -- the secondary zero grade excepted -- an exact Skt. agreement, i.e. prathi-mán- m. `extension, breadth'; cf. bel. With the reserve necessary with PN Πλάταια can be identified with Skt. pr̥thivī́ f. `earth', prop. "the broad (stretches of earth); here also a Celtic agreement e.g. in Welsh.-Lat. Letavia, Welsh Llydau `Brittany'. The identification, which is in itself possible, of πλάτανος with Celt., e.g. OIr. lethan, Welsh llydan `broad' is however rather improbable; cf. s. v. The same suffix also in Hitt. paltana-'arm, shoulder', which resembles semantically πλάτη (Laroche Rev. de phil. 75, 38, Benveniste BSL 50, 42). On πλάτη beside πλάτος cf. βλάβη: βλάβος, πάθη: πάθος a.o.; after κώπη? -- A corresponding primary verb is only in Skt. práthati, -te `extend' retained, to which as verbal noun prathi-mán-: πλατα-μών prop. "which extends" (cf. τελα-μών prop. "who bears"). The from this and from pr̥thi-vī : Πλάτα-ια resulting disyll. root * pleth₂-: *pl̥th₂ gave the Skt. aspirate (in prevocalic position): pr̥thú- from *pl̥th₂-ú-, práthas- from *pléth₂os-. -- Far remains Arm. layn `broad' (to Lat. lātus `broad'), s. W.-Hofmann s. v. w. lit. Further details with rich lit. in Mayrhofer s. pr̥thúḥ, pr̥thvī́, práthati, práthaḫ, prathimā́, W.-Hofmann s. 1. planta, Fraenkel s. platùs; older lit. in WP. 2, 99f. (Pok. 833f.).

Page in Frisk: 2,553-554

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλατύς 1
14 Ruder

n; -s, -

1. oar; (Skull) scull; (Paddel) paddle; sich ( kräftig) in die Ruder legen row strongly; fig. go hard at it

2. (Steuerruder) helm, wheel; (Blatt) rudder; FLUG. (Seitenseiten) rudder; das Ruder herumwerfen auch fig. change course; aus dem Ruder laufen auch fig. go off course

3. fig.: am Ruder sein MEIST POL. be in power, be at the helm; ans Ruder kommen come to power, take over the reins; am Ruder bleiben remain in power

* * *

das Ruder

(Riemen) oar; scull;

(Steuerrad) helm; rudder

* * *
Ru|der ['ruːdɐ]
nt -s, -
(von Ruderboot, Galeere etc) oar; (NAUT, AVIAT = Steuerruder) rudder; (fig = Führung) helm
das Rúder fest in der Hand haben (fig) — to be in control of the situation

am Rúder sein (lit, fig) — to be at the helm

ans Rúder kommen or das Rúder übernehmen (lit, fig) — to take over (at) the helm

sich in die Rúder legen (lit, fig) — to put one's back into it

sich für etw in die Rúder legen (fig) — to put one's back into sth

das Rúder herumwerfen or herumreißen (fig) — to change course or tack

aus dem Rúder laufen (fig) — to get out of hand

* * *

das

(a long piece of wood with a flat end for rowing a boat.) oar

* * *

Ru·der

<-s, ->

[ˈru:dɐ]

nt

1. (langes Paddel) oar

die \Ruder auslegen/einziehen/streichen to put out/take in/strike the oars

sich akk in die \Ruder legen to row strongly

2. (Steuerruder) helm; eines kleineren Bootes a. rudder

am \Ruder at the helm

3.

▶ am \Ruder bleiben/sein (fam) to remain/be at the helm fig

▶ das \Ruder herumwerfen to change course [or tack]

▶ ans \Ruder kommen (fam) to come to power

▶ aus dem \Ruder laufen to get out of hand

▶ sich akk in die \Ruder legen to put one's back into it

* * *

das; Ruders, Ruder

1) (Riemen) oar

2) (SteuerRuder) rudder; (Steuerrad) helm

am Ruder sein — (fig.) be at the helm

das Ruder herumwerfen — (fig.) change course or tack

ans Ruder kommen — (fig.) < party, leader> come to power

aus dem Ruder laufen — (fig.) go off course

* * *

Ruder n; -s, -

1. oar; (Skull) scull; (Paddel) paddle;

sich (kräftig) in die Ruder legen row strongly; fig go hard at it

2. (Steuerruder) helm, wheel; (Blatt) rudder; FLUG (Seitenseiten) rudder;

das Ruder herumwerfen auch fig change course;

aus dem Ruder laufen auch fig go off course

3. fig:

am Ruder sein meist POL be in power, be at the helm;

ans Ruder kommen come to power, take over the reins;

am Ruder bleiben remain in power

* * *

das; Ruders, Ruder

1) (Riemen) oar

2) (SteuerRuder) rudder; (Steuerrad) helm

am Ruder sein — (fig.) be at the helm

das Ruder herumwerfen — (fig.) change course or tack

ans Ruder kommen — (fig.) <party, leader> come to power

aus dem Ruder laufen — (fig.) go off course

* * *

-- n.

helm n.

oar n.

rudder n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Ruder
15 stroke

[strəuk] I noun
1) (an act of hitting, or the blow given: He felled the tree with one stroke of the axe; the stroke of a whip.) golpe

2) (a sudden occurrence of something: a stroke of lightning; an unfortunate stroke of fate; What a stroke of luck to find that money!) golpe

3) (the sound made by a clock striking the hour: She arrived on the stroke of (= punctually at) ten.) batida

4) (a movement or mark made in one direction by a pen, pencil, paintbrush etc: short, even pencil strokes.) traço

5) (a single pull of an oar in rowing, or a hit with the bat in playing cricket.) golpe

6) (a movement of the arms and legs in swimming, or a particular method of swimming: He swam with slow, strong strokes; Can you do breaststroke/backstroke?) braçada

7) (an effort or action: I haven't done a stroke (of work) all day.) esforço

8) (a sudden attack of illness which damages the brain, causing paralysis, loss of feeling in the body etc.) ataque

•

- at a stroke
II 1. verb
(to rub (eg a furry animal) gently and repeatedly in one direction, especially as a sign of affection: He stroked the cat / her hair; The dog loves being stroked.) afagar
2. noun
(an act of stroking: He gave the dog a stroke.) afago

* * *

stroke¹

[strouk] n 1 golpe, soco, pancada. 2 batida, som de pancada. 3 proeza, façanha, lance, feito. 4 movimento rítmico, braçada. 5 Sports voga (também stroke oar). 6 pulsação, batida do coração. 7 traço de escala, mostrador. 8 traço (de pena, etc.). 9 arrancada. 10 golpe (de sorte, etc.). 11 ataque (de doença), surto, doença. 12 Med apoplexia, derrame cerebral. 13 remada. 14 Mech curso (de êmbolo), percurso. 15 badalada (de sino, relógio, etc.). 16 pincelada. 17 patrão (de barco a remo). • vt+vi 1 ser o patrão de remadores. 2 traçar, fazer um traço. 3 cancelar, riscar. 4 rebater (bola). a stroke of genius um lance de gênio. a stroke of luck um golpe de sorte. at a stroke em um só golpe, de uma só vez. down stroke movimento descendente. on the stroke of one à uma hora em ponto. to put someone off his stroke perturbar ou interromper o trabalho de alguém. up stroke traço ou movimento ascendente.

————————

stroke²

[strouk] n afago, carícia, ato de passar a mão para acariciar. • vt acariciar, alisar, afagar.

English-Portuguese dictionary > stroke
16 pull

pull [pʊl]

fait de tirer ⇒ 1 (a) traction ⇒ 1 (b) résistance ⇒ 1 (c) attrait ⇒ 1 (d) influence ⇒ 1 (e) tirer ⇒ 2 (a)-(c), 3 (a) traîner ⇒ 2 (a) arracher ⇒ 2 (d) se déchirer ⇒ 2 (e) réussir ⇒ 2 (f)

1 noun

(a) (tug, act of pulling)

∎ to give sth a pull, to give a pull on sth tirer (sur) qch;

∎ give it a hard or good pull! tirez fort!;

∎ give it one more pull tire encore un coup;

∎ we'll need a pull to get out of the mud nous aurons besoin que quelqu'un nous remorque ou nous prenne en remorque pour nous désembourber;

∎ with a pull the dog broke free le chien tira sur sa laisse et s'échappa;

∎ she felt a pull at or on her handbag elle a senti qu'on tirait sur son sac à main;

∎ I felt a pull on the fishing line ça mordait

(b) (physical force → of machine) traction f; (→ of sun, moon, magnet) (force f) d'attraction f;

∎ the winch applies a steady pull le treuil exerce une traction continue;

∎ the gravitational pull is stronger on Earth la gravitation est plus forte sur Terre;

∎ we fought against the pull of the current nous luttions contre le courant qui nous entraînait

(c) (resistance → of bowstring) résistance f;

∎ adjust the trigger if the pull is too stiff for you réglez la détente si elle est trop dure pour vous

(d) (psychological, emotional attraction) attrait m;

∎ the pull of city life l'attrait m de la vie en ville;

∎ he resisted the pull of family tradition and went his own way il a résisté à l'influence de la tradition familiale pour suivre son propre chemin

(e) familiar (influence, power) influence^□ f, piston m;

∎ to have a lot of pull avoir le bras long;

∎ he has a lot of pull with the Prime Minister il a beaucoup d'influence sur le Premier ministre;

∎ his money gives him a certain political pull son argent lui confère une certaine influence ou un certain pouvoir politique;

∎ his father's pull got him in son père l'a pistonné

(f) (prolonged effort)

∎ it'll be a long pull to the summit la montée sera longue (et difficile) pour atteindre le sommet;

∎ it will be a hard pull upstream il faudra ramer dur pour remonter le courant;

∎ it's going to be a long uphill pull to make the firm profitable ça sera difficile de remettre l'entreprise à flot

(g) (in rowing → stroke) coup m de rame ou d'aviron;

∎ with another pull he was clear of the rock d'un autre coup de rame, il évita le rocher

(h) (at cigar) bouffée f; (at drink, bottle) gorgée f;

∎ to take a pull at or on one's beer boire ou prendre une gorgée de bière;

∎ to take a pull at or on one's cigarette/pipe tirer sur sa cigarette/pipe

(i) (usu in cpds) (knob, handle) poignée f; (cord) cordon m; (strap) sangle f

(j) (snag → in sweater) accroc m;

∎ my cardigan has a pull in it j'ai fait un accroc à mon cardigan

(k) Typography épreuve f

(l) familiar

∎ to be on the pull (man) chercher à lever une nana; (woman) chercher à lever un mec

2 transitive verb

(a) (object → yank, tug) tirer; (→ drag) traîner; (person) tirer, entraîner;

∎ she pulled my hair elle m'a tiré les cheveux;

∎ to pull the blinds baisser les stores;

∎ to pull the British curtains or

∎ American drapes tirer ou fermer les rideaux;

∎ we pulled the heavy log across to the fire nous avons traîné la lourde bûche jusqu'au feu;

∎ pull the lamp towards you tirez la lampe vers vous;

∎ he pulled his chair closer to the fire il approcha sa chaise de la cheminée;

∎ she pulled the hood over her face elle abaissa le capuchon sur son visage;

∎ he pulled his hat over his eyes il enfonça ou rabattit son chapeau sur ses yeux;

∎ he pulled the steering wheel to the right il a donné un coup de volant à droite;

∎ to pull a drawer open ouvrir un tiroir;

∎ she came in and pulled the door shut behind her elle entra et ferma la porte derrière elle;

∎ pull the rope taut tendez la corde;

∎ pull the knot tight serrez le nœud;

∎ pull the tablecloth straight tendez la nappe;

∎ he pulled the wrapping from the package il arracha l'emballage du paquet;

∎ he pulled the sheets off the bed il enleva les draps du lit;

∎ she pulled her hand from mine elle retira (brusquement) sa main de la mienne;

∎ she pulled the box from his hands elle lui a arraché la boîte des mains;

∎ he was pulling her towards the exit il l'entraînait vers la sortie;

∎ he pulled her closer (to him) il l'a attirée plus près de lui;

∎ the current pulled us into the middle of the river le courant nous a entraînés au milieu de la rivière;

∎ he pulled himself onto the riverbank il se hissa sur la berge;

∎ figurative the sound of the doorbell pulled him out of his daydream le coup de sonnette l'a tiré de ou arraché à ses rêveries;

∎ figurative he was pulled off the first team on l'a écarté ou exclu de la première équipe;

∎ British familiar pull the other one (it's got bells on)! mon œil!, à d'autres!;

∎ to pull to bits or pieces (toy, appliance) démolir, mettre en morceaux; (book, flower) déchirer; figurative (book, play, person) démolir

(b) (operate → lever, handle) tirer;

∎ pull the trigger appuyez ou pressez sur la détente

(c) (tow, draw → load, trailer, carriage, boat) tirer, remorquer;

∎ carts pulled by mules des charrettes tirées par des mules;

∎ a suitcase with wheels that you pull behind you une valise à roulettes qu'on tire ou traîne derrière soi;

∎ the barges were pulled along the canals les péniches étaient halées le long des canaux

(d) (take out → tooth) arracher, extraire; (→ weeds) arracher; (→ weapon) tirer, sortir;

∎ he pulled a dollar bill from his wad/wallet il a tiré un billet d'un dollar de sa liasse/sorti un billet d'un dollar de son portefeuille;

∎ he pulled a gun on me il a braqué un revolver sur moi;

∎ to pull a cork déboucher une bouteille;

∎ to have a tooth pulled se faire arracher une dent;

∎ it was like pulling teeth c'était pénible comme tout;

∎ getting him to talk is like pulling teeth! il faut lui arracher les mots de la bouche!;

∎ familiar can you pull that file for me? pourriez-vous me sortir ce dossier?^□

(e) (strain → muscle, tendon) se déchirer;

∎ she pulled a muscle elle s'est déchiré un muscle, elle s'est fait un claquage;

∎ a pulled muscle un claquage;

∎ my shoulder feels as if I've pulled something j'ai l'impression que je me suis froissé un muscle de l'épaule

(f) familiar (bring off) réussir^□ ;

∎ she has pulled several daring financial coups elle a réussi plusieurs opérations financières audacieuses;

∎ he pulled a big bank job in Italy il a réussi un hold-up de première dans une banque italienne;

∎ to pull a trick on sb jouer un tour à qn^□ ;

∎ what are you trying to pull? qu'est-ce que tu es en train de combiner ou manigancer?^□ ;

∎ don't try and pull anything! n'essayez pas de jouer au plus malin!;

∎ don't ever pull a stunt like that again ne me/nous/ etc refais jamais un tour comme ça^□ ;

∎ to pull a fast one on sb avoir qn, rouler qn;

∎ American I pulled an all-nighter j'ai bossé toute la nuit

(g) (hold back) Horseracing

∎ to pull a horse retenir un cheval;

∎ also figurative to pull one's punches retenir ses coups, ménager son adversaire;

∎ figurative she didn't pull any punches elle n'y est pas allée de main morte

(h) (in golf, tennis → ball) puller;

∎ to pull a shot puller

(i) (in rowing → boat) faire avancer à la rame;

∎ he pulls a good oar c'est un bon rameur;

∎ the boat pulls eight oars c'est un bateau à huit avirons

(j) Typography (proof) tirer

(k) Computing extraire

(l) (gut → fowl) vider

(m) familiar (withdraw) retirer^□ ;

∎ people complained and they had to pull the commercial ils ont dû retirer la pub suite à des plaintes

(n) familiar (attract → customers, spectators) attirer^□ ;

∎ the festival pulled a big crowd le festival a attiré beaucoup de monde;

∎ how many votes will he pull? combien de voix va-t-il récolter?^□

(o) British (serve → draught beer) tirer;

∎ he pulls pints at the Crown il est barman au Crown

(p) familiar (sexual partner) lever, emballer

3 intransitive verb

(a) (exert force, tug) tirer;

∎ pull harder! tirez plus fort!;

∎ to pull on or at a rope tirer sur un cordage;

∎ the bandage may pull when I take it off le pansement risque de vous tirer la peau quand je l'enlèverai;

∎ the steering pulls to the right la direction tire à droite;

∎ Cars the 2-litre model pulls very well le modèle 2 litres a de bonnes reprises;

∎ figurative they're pulling in different directions ils tirent à hue et à dia

(b) (rope, cord)

∎ the rope pulled easily la corde filait librement

(c) (go, move)

∎ pull into the space next to the Mercedes mettez-vous ou garez-vous à côté de la Mercedes;

∎ he pulled into the right-hand lane il a pris la file de droite;

∎ pull into the garage entrez dans le garage;

∎ when the train pulls out of the station quand le train quitte la gare;

∎ she pulled clear of the pack elle s'est détachée du peloton;

∎ he pulled clear of the traffic and sped on il est sorti du flot de la circulation et a accéléré;

∎ he pulled sharply to the left il a viré brutalement sur la gauche;

∎ the lorry pulled slowly up the hill le camion gravissait lentement la côte

(d) (strain, labour → vehicle) peiner; (→ horse) tirer sur le mors;

∎ the engine's pulling le moteur fatigue ou peine

(e) familiar (exert influence, give support)

∎ the head of personnel is pulling for you or on your behalf vous avez le chef du personnel derrière vous^□

(f) (snag → sweater) filer;

∎ my sweater's pulled in a couple of places mon pull a plusieurs mailles filées

(g) (row) ramer;

∎ to pull for shore ramer vers la côte;

∎ to pull with a long stroke ramer à grands coups d'aviron

(h) familiar (find sexual partner)

∎ did you pull last night? t'as levé une nana/un mec hier soir?

►► American pull date date f limite de vente;

Marketing pull strategy stratégie f pull;

pull tab (on can) anneau m, bague f

➲ pull about separable transitive verb

(handle roughly → person) malmener; (→ object) tirer dans tous les sens, tirailler;

∎ stop pulling me about! mais lâche-moi donc!

➲ pull ahead intransitive verb

prendre de l'avance;

∎ to pull ahead of sb prendre de l'avance sur qn

➲ pull along separable transitive verb

(load, vehicle) tirer; (person) entraîner;

∎ he was pulling the suitcase along by the strap il tirait la valise derrière lui par la sangle;

∎ she pulled me along by my arm elle m'entraînait en me tirant par le bras

➲ pull apart

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (take to pieces → machine, furniture) démonter;

∎ now you've pulled it all apart, are you sure you can fix it? maintenant que tu as tout démonté, es-tu sûr de pouvoir le réparer?

(b) (destroy, break → object) mettre en morceaux ou en pièces; (→ clothing) déchirer; (body, flesh) déchiqueter;

∎ the wreck was pulled apart by the waves les vagues ont disloqué l'épave;

∎ tell him where it's hidden or he'll pull the place apart dites-lui où c'est (caché) sinon il va tout saccager

(c) (criticize → essay, performance, theory) démolir; (→ person) éreinter

(d) (separate → fighters, dogs) séparer; (→ papers) détacher, séparer

(e) (make suffer) déchirer

2 intransitive verb

(furniture) se démonter, être démontable;

∎ the shelves simply pull apart les étagères se démontent sans outils

➲ pull around separable transitive verb

(a) (cart, toy, suitcase) tirer derrière soi

(b) (make turn) tourner, faire pivoter;

∎ he pulled the horse around il fit faire demi-tour à son cheval

➲ pull at inseparable transitive verb

(a) (strain at, tug at) tirer sur;

∎ the dog pulled at the leash le chien tira sur la laisse;

∎ we pulled at the rope nous avons tiré sur la corde;

∎ I pulled at his sleeve je l'ai tiré par la manche;

∎ each pulled at an oar chacun tirait sur un aviron;

∎ the wind pulled at her hair le vent faisait voler ses cheveux

(b) (suck → pipe, cigar) tirer sur;

∎ (→ bottle) he pulled at his bottle of beer il a bu une gorgée de bière

➲ pull away

1 separable transitive verb

(withdraw → covering, hand) retirer; (grab) arracher;

∎ she pulled her hand away elle retira ou ôta sa main;

∎ he pulled me away from the window il m'éloigna de la fenêtre;

∎ she pulled the book away from him elle lui arracha le livre

2 intransitive verb

(a) (withdraw → person) s'écarter;

∎ I put out my hand but she pulled away j'ai tendu la main vers elle mais elle s'est détournée;

∎ he had me by the arm but I managed to pull away il me tenait par le bras mais j'ai réussi à me dégager

(b) (move off → vehicle, ship) démarrer; (→ train, convoy) s'ébranler;

∎ the boat pulled away from the bank le bateau quitta la rive;

∎ the train pulled away from the station le train a quitté la gare;

∎ as the train began to pull away alors que le train s'ébranlait

(c) (get ahead → runner, competitor) prendre de l'avance;

∎ she's pulling away from the pack elle prend de l'avance sur le peloton, elle se détache du peloton

➲ pull back

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (draw backwards or towards one) retirer;

∎ he pulled his hand back il retira ou ôta sa main;

∎ she pulled back the curtains elle ouvrit les rideaux;

∎ pull the lever back tirez le levier (vers l'arrière);

∎ he pulled me back from the railing il m'a éloigné de la barrière;

∎ to pull sb/a company back from the brink faire refaire surface à qn/une entreprise, tirer qn/une entreprise d'affaire

(b) (withdraw → troops) retirer

2 intransitive verb

(a) (withdraw → troops, participant) se retirer;

∎ it's too late to pull back now il est trop tard pour se retirer ou pour faire marche arrière maintenant;

∎ they pulled back from committing themselves fully ils ont renoncé à s'engager complètement

(b) (step backwards) reculer;

∎ to pull back involuntarily avoir un mouvement de recul involontaire

(c) (jib → horse, person) regimber

➲ pull down

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (lower → lever, handle) tirer (vers le bas); (→ trousers, veil) baisser; (→ suitcase, book) descendre; (→ blind, window) baisser;

∎ pull the blind/the window down baissez le store/la vitre;

∎ with his hat pulled down over his eyes son chapeau rabattu sur les yeux;

∎ she pulled her skirt down over her knees elle ramena sa jupe sur ses genoux;

∎ I pulled him down onto the chair je l'ai fait asseoir sur la chaise;

∎ he's pulling the whole team down il fait baisser le niveau de toute l'équipe;

∎ my marks in the oral exam will pull me down mes notes à l'oral vont baisser ou descendre ma moyenne

(b) (demolish → house, wall) démolir, abattre;

∎ they're pulling down the whole neighbourhood ils démolissent tout le quartier;

∎ figurative it'll pull down the government ça va renverser le gouvernement

(c) familiar (weaken → of illness) affaiblir^□, abattre^□ ; (depress) déprimer^□, abattre^□

(d) American familiar (earn) gagner^□, se faire

(e) Computing (menu) dérouler

2 intransitive verb

(blind) descendre

➲ pull in

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (line, fishing net) ramener;

∎ they pulled the rope in ils tirèrent la corde à eux;

∎ to pull sb in (into building, car) tirer qn à l'intérieur, faire entrer qn; (into water) faire tomber qn à l'eau

(b) (stomach) rentrer;

∎ to pull oneself in rentrer son ventre

(c) (attract → customers, investors, investment) attirer;

∎ the show's really pulling them in le spectacle attire les foules

(d) familiar (earn → of person) gagner^□, se faire; (→ of business) rapporter^□

(e) familiar (arrest) arrêter^□, embarquer;

∎ they pulled him in for questioning ils l'ont arrêté pour l'interroger

(f) (stop → horse) retenir, tirer les rênes de;

∎ to pull one's car in to the kerb se ranger près du trottoir;

∎ to be pulled in for speeding être arrêté pour excès de vitesse

2 intransitive verb

(vehicle, driver → stop) s'arrêter; (→ park) se garer; (→ move to side of road) se rabattre; (arrive → train) entrer en gare;

∎ I pulled in for petrol je me suis arrêté pour prendre de l'essence;

∎ the car in front pulled in to let me past la voiture devant moi s'est rabattue pour me laisser passer;

∎ pull in here arrête-toi là;

∎ to pull in to the kerb se ranger près du trottoir;

∎ the express pulled in two hours late l'express est arrivé avec deux heures de retard

➲ pull off

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (clothes, boots, ring) enlever, retirer; (cover, bandage, knob, wrapping) enlever; (page from calendar, sticky backing) détacher;

∎ to pull the sheets off the bed retirer ou enlever les draps du lit;

∎ I pulled her hat off je lui ai enlevé son chapeau; (more violently) je lui ai arraché son chapeau

(b) familiar (accomplish → deal, stratagem, mission, shot) réussir^□ ; (→ press conference, negotiations) mener à bien^□ ; (→ plan) réaliser^□ ; (→ prize) décrocher, gagner^□ ;

∎ the deal will be difficult to pull off cette affaire ne sera pas facile à négocier;

∎ will she (manage to) pull it off? est-ce qu'elle va y arriver?;

∎ he pulled it off il a réussi

(c) vulgar (masturbate)

∎ to pull sb off branler qn;

∎ to pull oneself off se branler

2 intransitive verb

(a) (move off) démarrer; (after halt) redémarrer

(b) (stop) s'arrêter; (leave main road) quitter la route;

∎ he pulled off onto a side road il bifurqua sur une petite route;

∎ there's no place to pull off il n'y a pas de place pour s'arrêter

(c) (come off)

∎ the lid simply pulls off il suffit de tirer pour enlever le couvercle;

∎ the top pulls off to reveal… le dessus se retire et on peut voir…

➲ pull on

1 separable transitive verb

(clothes, boots, pillow slip) mettre, enfiler

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (tug at → rope, handle etc) tirer sur

(b) (draw on → cigarette, pipe) tirer sur

➲ pull out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (remove → tooth, hair, weeds) arracher; (→ splinter, nail) enlever; (→ plug, cork) ôter, enlever; (produce → wallet, weapon) sortir, tirer;

∎ she pulled a map out of her bag elle a sorti une carte de son sac;

∎ he pulled a page out of his notebook il a déchiré une feuille de son carnet;

∎ pull the paper gently out of the printer retirez doucement le papier de l'imprimante;

∎ to pull a nail out of a plank arracher un clou d'une planche;

∎ the tractor pulled us out of the mud/ditch le tracteur nous a sortis de la boue/du fossé;

∎ to pull the country out of recession (faire) sortir le pays de la récession;

∎ to pull sb out of a tight spot tirer qn d'un mauvais pas;

∎ familiar to pull out all the stops (to do sth) faire le maximum (pour faire qch)

(b) (draw towards one → drawer, leaf of table, shelf) tirer; (unfold) déplier;

∎ pull the bed out from the wall écartez le lit du mur;

∎ he pulled a chair out from under the table il a écarté une chaise de la table

(c) (withdraw → troops, contestant) retirer;

∎ the battalion was pulled out of the border area le bataillon a été retiré de la région frontalière;

∎ he threatened to pull the party out of the coalition il menaça de retirer le parti de la coalition

(d) Computing (select, produce → data) sortir

2 intransitive verb

(a) (withdraw → troops, ally, participant) se retirer; (→ company from project, buyer) se désister; (→ company from place) quitter une/la région/ville/ etc;

∎ when they pulled out of Vietnam quand ils se sont retirés du Viêt-nam;

∎ she's pulling out of the election elle retire sa candidature;

∎ they've pulled out of the deal ils se sont retirés de l'affaire

(b) (move off → car, ship) démarrer; (→ train, convoy) s'ébranler; (move out to overtake) déboîter;

∎ she was pulling out of the garage elle sortait du garage;

∎ he pulled out to overtake il a déboîté pour doubler;

∎ a truck suddenly pulled out in front of me soudain, un camion m'a coupé la route;

∎ to pull out into traffic s'engager dans la circulation;

∎ Aviation to pull out of a dive sortir d'un piqué, se rétablir

(c) (economy)

∎ to pull out of a recession/a crisis sortir de la récession/d'une crise

(d) (be extendible or detachable → drawer) s'ouvrir; (→ handle) s'allonger; (→ map) se déplier;

∎ the sofa pulls out into a bed le canapé se transforme en lit;

∎ the shelves pull out on peut retirer les étagères;

∎ the table top pulls out c'est une table à rallonges

➲ pull over

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (draw into specified position) tirer, traîner;

∎ pull the chair over to the window amenez la chaise près de la fenêtre;

∎ she pulled the dish over and helped herself elle a tiré le plat vers ou à elle et s'est servie

(b) (make fall → pile, person, table) faire tomber, renverser;

∎ watch out you don't pull that lamp over fais attention de ne pas faire tomber cette lampe

(c) (usu passive) (stop → vehicle, driver) arrêter;

∎ I got pulled over for speeding je me suis fait arrêter pour excès de vitesse

2 intransitive verb

(vehicle, driver → stop) s'arrêter; (→ move to side of road) se ranger, se rabattre;

∎ pull over and let the fire engine past rangez-vous ou rabattez-vous sur le côté et laissez passer les pompiers

➲ pull round British

1 separable transitive verb

(a) = pull around

(b) (revive) ranimer;

∎ a drop of brandy will pull her round un peu de cognac la remettra ou remontera

2 intransitive verb

(regain consciousness) revenir à soi, reprendre connaissance; (recover) se remettre

➲ pull through

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (draw through → rope, thread) faire passer;

∎ pull the needle through to the other side faites sortir l'aiguille de l'autre côté

(b) (help survive or surmount) tirer d'affaire;

∎ he says his faith pulled him through il dit que c'est sa foi qui lui a permis de s'en sortir

2 intransitive verb

(recover) s'en sortir, s'en tirer

➲ pull to separable transitive verb

(shut → door, gate) fermer

➲ pull together

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (place together, join) joindre

(b) (organize → demonstration, rescue team) organiser; (prepare) préparer;

∎ I've pulled together a few suggestions j'ai préparé ou noté quelques propositions

(c) to pull oneself together se reprendre, se ressaisir;

∎ pull yourself together! ressaisissez-vous!, ne vous laissez pas aller!

2 intransitive verb

(a) (on rope) tirer ensemble; (on oars) ramer à l'unisson;

∎ pull together! (in rowing) avant partout!

(b) (combine efforts, cooperate) concentrer ses efforts, agir de concert;

∎ we've all got to pull together on this one il faut que nous nous y mettions tous ensemble, il faut que nous nous attelions tous ensemble à la tâche

➲ pull up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (draw upwards → trousers, sleeve, blanket, lever) remonter; (→ blind) hausser, lever; (→ skirt) retrousser, relever; (hoist oneself) hisser;

∎ they pulled the boat up onto the beach ils ont tiré le bateau sur la plage;

∎ she pulled herself up onto the ledge elle s'est hissée sur le rebord;

∎ to pull one's socks up tirer ou remonter ses chaussettes; familiar figurative se remuer, s'activer

(b) (move closer → chair) approcher;

∎ I pulled a chair up to the desk j'ai approché une chaise du bureau;

∎ why don't you pull up a chair and join us? prenez donc une chaise et joignez-vous à nous!;

∎ he pulled the crate up to the scales il a traîné la caisse jusqu'à la balance

(c) (uproot → weeds) arracher; (→ bush, stump, tree) arracher, déraciner; (rip up → floorboards) arracher

(d) (stop → person, vehicle, horse) arrêter; (check → person) retenir;

∎ to be pulled up (by the police) se faire arrêter (par un agent);

∎ his warning pulled me up short je me suis arrêté net lorsqu'il m'a crié de faire attention;

∎ he was about to tell them everything but I pulled him up (short) il était sur le point de tout leur dire mais je lui ai coupé la parole

(e) familiar (improve → score, mark) améliorer^□ ; (→ average) remonter^□ ;

∎ his good marks in maths pulled him up again ses bonnes notes en maths ont remonté sa moyenne

(f) British familiar (rebuke) réprimander^□, enguirlander;

∎ he was pulled up for being late il s'est fait enguirlander pour être arrivé en retard;

∎ if your work is sloppy, they'll pull you up on it si ton travail est bâclé, tu vas te faire taper sur les doigts

2 intransitive verb

(a) (stop) s'arrêter;

∎ as I was pulling up at the red light alors que j'allais m'arrêter au feu rouge;

∎ pull up at or outside the main entrance arrêtez-vous devant l'entrée principale;

∎ to pull up short s'arrêter net ou brusquement

(b) familiar (ease up) se détendre^□, se relâcher^□

(c) (draw even) rattraper;

∎ to pull up with sb rattraper qn;

∎ Sun Boy is pulling up on the outside! Sun Boy remonte à l'extérieur!

(d) (improve → student, athlete, performance) s'améliorer

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > pull
17 ply

I
verb
1) (an old word for to work at: He plies his trade as weaver.) ejercer

2) (to use (a tool etc) vigorously.) manejar

3) (to keep supplying: They plied their guests with drink.) no parar de ofrecer

II
noun
(a thickness, layer or strand, as in three-ply / two-ply wool.) capa, cabo, chapa

- plywood

ply

tr[plaɪ]

noun (pl plies)

1 (of wood) chapa; (of paper) capa; (of wool) cabo

■ four-ply wool lana de cuatro cabos

————————

ply

tr[plaɪ]

transitive verb (pt & pp plied, ger plying)

1 (of ship) navegar por

2 (tool) manejar

intransitive verb

1 (ship, bus, etc) hacer el trayecto, navegar

■ ferries that ply between Dover and Calais transbordadores que hacen el trayecto de Dover a Calais

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to ply for hire (taxi) ir en busca de clientes

to ply one's trade ejercer su oficio

ply ['plaɪ] v, plied ; plying vt

1) use, wield: manejar

to ply an ax: manejar un hacha

2) practice: ejercer

to ply a trade: ejercer un oficio

3)

to ply with questions : acosar con preguntas

ply n, pl plies

1) layer: chapa f (de madera), capa f (de papel)

2) strand: cabo m (de hilo, etc.)

ply

n.

• doblez s.m.

v.

• importunar v.

plaɪ
I

noun (pl plies)

a) ( of wood) chapa f, lámina f

b) (of wool, yarn) cabo m, hebra f

three-ply wool — lana f de tres cabos or hebras

II
1.

plies, plying, plied transitive verb

a) ( carry out)

to ply one's trade — ejercer* su oficio

b) \<\<oar\>\> mover*; \<\<tools\>\> manejar

c) \<\<ship\>\> \<\<sea\>\> navegar* por, surcar* (liter)

2.

vi (frml)

a) ( travel a route) \<\<ship/plane/bus\>\> hacer* el trayecto

b) (BrE)

to ply for hire — \<\<taxi\>\> recorrer las calles en busca de clientes

Phrasal Verbs:

- ply with

[plaɪ]
1. VT

1) [+ needle, tool] manejar, emplear; [+ oars] emplear; [+ river, route] navegar por; liter [+ sea] navegar por, surcar liter

to ply one's trade — ejercer su profesión

2)

to ply sb for information — importunar a algn pidiéndole información

to ply sb with questions — acosar a algn con preguntas

to ply sb with drink — no parar de ofrecer de beber a algn

2.

VI

to ply between — ir y venir de

to ply for hire — ir en busca de clientes

* * *
[plaɪ]
I

noun (pl plies)

a) ( of wood) chapa f, lámina f

b) (of wool, yarn) cabo m, hebra f

three-ply wool — lana f de tres cabos or hebras

II
1.

plies, plying, plied transitive verb

a) ( carry out)

to ply one's trade — ejercer* su oficio

b) \<\<oar\>\> mover*; \<\<tools\>\> manejar

c) \<\<ship\>\> \<\<sea\>\> navegar* por, surcar* (liter)

2.

vi (frml)

a) ( travel a route) \<\<ship/plane/bus\>\> hacer* el trayecto

b) (BrE)

to ply for hire — \<\<taxi\>\> recorrer las calles en busca de clientes

Phrasal Verbs:

- ply with

English-spanish dictionary > ply
18 ἐρέτης

ἐρέτης

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `rower' (Il.),

Other forms: myk. e-re-ta; eree \/ erehen\/ Perpillou, Minos 9\/2,1968, 208-212.

Compounds: As 2. member in ὑπ-ηρέτης, s. v.

Derivatives: ἐρετικός `concerning the rowers' (Att.); collective abstrakt εἰρεσίη, - ία ( εἰ- metr. lengthening, maintained in prose) `the rowers' (Od.); denomin. verb ἐρέσσω, rare Att. ἐρέττω, aor. ἐρέσ(σ)αι `row' (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 725). - Beside these the noun instr. ἐρετμόν n. `oar' (Il.) with ἐρετμόω `complete with oars' (E.), PN Έρετμεύς (θ 111; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 121). - Here also the PN Έρέτρια as "the rowing (town)". - On themselves the nouns in - ηρης and - ερος, - ορος like τρι-ήρης `three-rower' (Ion.-Att.), ἁλι-ήρης `rowing the sea' ( κώπη E. Hek. 455 [lyr.]), πεντηκόντερος, πεντηκόντ-ορος `fifty-rower' (Ion.-Att.), s. below.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [338] * h₁erh₁-, h₁reh₁- `row'

Etymology: The agent noun ἐρέ-της points like the synonymous Skt. ari-tár- (= Gr. *ἐρε-τήρ (* h₁erh₁-) in Έρέτρ-ιᾱ) to a disyllabic primary verb `row', which in Greek was replaced by the denominative ἐρέσσω (uncertain Myc. e-re-e), but is present in other languages: Lith. iriù, ìrti (with acute, agreeing with disyllabic ἐρε-, \< *h₁r̥h₁-), Germ., e. g. ONo. rōa, Celt., e. g. OIr. imb-rā `row, sail' (IE rō- against rē- (i. e. * h₁reh₁- * h₁roh₁-) in Lat. rēmus, cf. below). Traces of this verb in Greek in τρι-ήρης `three-rower' etc. (with compositional lengthening and ending after the σ-stems), πεντηκόντ-ερος, - ορος `fifty-rower' etc. (after the ο-stems, also with - ο- after - γονος, - φορος a. o.; not with J. Schmidt KZ 32, 327 vowel-harmony). Perhaps with το-suffix (Lesb.) τέρρητον τριήρης H., if with Brugmann IF 13, 152f. haplological for *τερρ-έρητον \< *τρι-έρητον, cf. Schwyzer 274. - On influence of ἐρέτης rests prob. the form ἐρετμόν against Skt. arí-tr-a- `oar' (from ari-tár-), Lat. rēmus (formation unclear). - Details in Schwyzer KZ 63, 52ff., Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 3f.; further Pok. 338, W.-Hofmann s. rēmus.

Page in Frisk: 1,553-554

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρέτης
19 stroke

strəuk I noun
1) (an act of hitting, or the blow given: He felled the tree with one stroke of the axe; the stroke of a whip.) slag, hogg

2) (a sudden occurrence of something: a stroke of lightning; an unfortunate stroke of fate; What a stroke of luck to find that money!) lyn(nedslag); skjebnens ironi; lykketreff

3) (the sound made by a clock striking the hour: She arrived on the stroke of (= punctually at) ten.) (klokke)slag

4) (a movement or mark made in one direction by a pen, pencil, paintbrush etc: short, even pencil strokes.) (penne)strøk; blyantstrek

5) (a single pull of an oar in rowing, or a hit with the bat in playing cricket.) åretak; slag

6) (a movement of the arms and legs in swimming, or a particular method of swimming: He swam with slow, strong strokes; Can you do breaststroke/backstroke?) (svømme)tak

7) (an effort or action: I haven't done a stroke (of work) all day.) slag, tak

8) (a sudden attack of illness which damages the brain, causing paralysis, loss of feeling in the body etc.) slag(tilfelle)

•

- at a stroke
II 1. verb
(to rub (eg a furry animal) gently and repeatedly in one direction, especially as a sign of affection: He stroked the cat / her hair; The dog loves being stroked.) stryke, klappe
2. noun
(an act of stroking: He gave the dog a stroke.) kjærtegn, stryking, klapping

slag

I
subst. \/strəʊk\/

1) stryking (med hånden), klapp

2) kjærtegn, kos

different strokes for different folks ( hverdagslig) hver sin lyst\/smak, noen liker mora og noen liker dattera

• well, I don't share your taste, but different strokes for different folks

vel, jeg deler ikke din smak, men hver sin lyst
II
subst. \/strəʊk\/

1) slag, rapp

• the stroke of a hammer

hammerslag

2) hogg

• the stroke of an axe

øksehogg

3) støt

4) ( sport) slag

5) (golf, også penalty stroke) straffeslag

6) (klokke)slag

7) (puls)slag, (hjerte)slag

8) (vinge)slag

9) ( teknikk) (stempel)slag

10) (teknikk, i forbrenningsmotor) takt

• four-stroke engine

firetaktsmotor

11) ( musikk) taktslag

12) ( medisin) slag

13) ( svømming) (svømme)tak, (svømme)teknikk

• swim with a slow stroke

svømme med langsomme tak

• the crawl is a fast stroke

krål er en hurtig svømmeteknikk

14) ( roing) (åre)tak, roteknikk

• row a fast stroke

ro med raske tak

15) ( roing) takt, rytme

16) (roing, også stroke oar) stroke (bakerste roer i kapproingsbåt)

17) anslag på skrivemaskin

18) (skrå)strek

19) brøkstrek

20) strøk

• a stroke of the brush

et strøk med penselen

• with a stroke of the pen

med et pennestrøk

21) ( overført) (sjakk)trekk, strek

• a masterly stroke

et genialt trekk

• it was a diplomatic stroke

det var et diplomatisk sjakktrekk

22) ( overført) steg, skritt, prestasjon, handling

• that was a bold stroke on his part

det var modig gjort av ham

at a stroke eller at one stroke med ett (eneste) slag med ett slag, i ett slag, med ett, på en gang

be off one's stroke være i utakt være ute av slag

do a (good) stroke of business gjøre en god forretning

keep stroke ro i takt

little strokes fell great oaks ( ordtak) liten tue kan velte stort lass

not do a stroke of work ikke gjøre et arbeidsslag ( overført) ikke legge to pinner i kors

on the stroke of på slaget

• on the stroke of two

på slaget to

pull\/row stroke ( roing) være stroke

put someone off one's stroke forstyrre noen, distrahere noen bringe noen ut av fatning

stroke of genius genistrek, genialt trekk

stroke of luck lykketreff, kjempeflaks
III
verb \/strəʊk\/

1) stryke, klappe

• stroke a cat

klappe en katt

2) stryke (med hånden) over

• stroke one's beard

stryke seg over skjegget

• stroke someone's hair

stryke noen over håret

3) kjærtegne, stryke

stroke down someone berolige noen, roe noen ned

stroke someone the wrong way ( overført) stryke noen mot hårene, irritere noen
IV
verb \/strəʊk\/

1) ( roing) ro taktåren, være stroke

2) trekke en strek gjennom

3) slå ned, trykke ned

4) ( sport) slå (til) (en ball)

stroke out stryke over, stryke ut (med en strek)

English-Norwegian dictionary > stroke
20 FYRIR

for

* * *

prep.

I. with dat.

1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);

fyrir dyrum, before the door;

2) before one, in one’s presence;

hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;

3) for;

hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;

4) before one, in one’s way;

fjörðr varð fyrir þeim, they came to a fjord;

sitja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for one;

5) naut. term. before, off;

liggja fyrir bryggjum, to lie off the piers;

fyrir Humru-mynni, off the Humber;

6) before, at the head of, over;

vera fyrir liði, to be over the troops;

vera fyrir máli, to lead the case;

sitja fyrir svörum, to undertake the defence;

7) of time, ago;

fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago;

fyrir stundu, a while ago;

fyrir löngu, long ago;

vera fyrir e-u, to forebode (of a dream);

8) before, above, superior to;

Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;

9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;

þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;

tók at eyðast fyrir herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail;

10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;

mikit gøri þer mér fyrir þessu máli, you make this case hard for me;

varð honum lítit fyrir því, it was a small matter for him;

Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;

11) because of, for;

hon undi sér hvergri fyrir verkjum, she had no rest for pains;

fyrir hræðslu, for fear;

illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;

gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;

fyrir því at, because, since, as;

12) against;

gæt þín vel fyrir konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men;

beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, against all kinds of harm;

13) fyrir sér, of oneself;

mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;

minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;

14) denoting manner or quality, with;

hvítr fyrir hærum, while with hoary hair;

II. with acc.

1) before, in front of;

halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;

2) before, into the presence of;

stefna e-m fyrir dómstól, before a court;

3) over;

hlaupa fyrir björg, to leap over a precipice;

kasta fyrir borð, to throw overboard;

4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;

ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;

5) round, off;

sigla fyrir nes, to weather a point;

6) along, all along;

fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;

draga ör fyrir odd, to draw the arrow past the point;

7) of time, fyrir dag, before day;

fyrir e-s minni, before one’s memory;

8) for, on behalf of;

vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;

lögvörn fyrir mál, a lawful defence for a case;

9) for, for the benefit of;

þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, they cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses);

10) for, instead of, in place of, as;

11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);

fyrir þín orð, for thy words (intercession);

fyrir sína vinsæld, by reason of his popularity;

12) denoting value, price;

fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks;

fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;

13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð e-s);

14) joined with adverbs ending in -an, governing acc. (fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);

fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;

fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge;

fyrir handan á, beyond the river;

fyrir innan garð, inside the fence;

III. as adverb or ellipt.

1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;

þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;

2) first;

mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I shall do to you according as you do first;

3) at hand, present, to the fore;

föng þau, er fyrir vóru, stores that were at hand;

þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already present (before the bride and bridegroom came);

4) e-m verðr e-t fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;

Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;

e-t mælist vel (illa) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel fyrir).

* * *

prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either  (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS., as, fyre, Ó. H. (facsimile); fire, Grág. Sb. ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, Fms. iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, Haustl. 1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]

WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.

A. LOCAL:

I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, Nj. 14, Vsp. 53, Hm. 69, Edda 130; niðr f. smiðju-dyrum, Eg. 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, Nj. 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit f. þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, Fms. vii. 207, Hkr. iii. 335 (Ó. H. 201, l. c., frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum f. sér, beneath in the fire before them, Nj. 204; þeir sá f. sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, i. e. they came to a great house, Eg. 546; öðrum f. sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér, Grág. i. 5.

2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel f. búum, before the neighbours, Nj. 87; lýsi ek f. búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim) f. e-m, Ld. 8; hann hermdi boð öll f. Gizuri, Nj. 78; hón nefndisk f. þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., Fms. i. 8; kæra e-t f. e-m, Ó. H. 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann f. þeim, Nj. 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er f. þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, i. e. because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) f. e-m, to give a good (bad) example, e. g. in the presence of children; lifa vel f. Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti f. Guði, Nj. 199; sem þeir sjá réttast f. Guði, Grág. i. (pref.); fyrir öllum þeim, Hom. 89; á laun f. öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, Grág. i. 337, Jb. 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill f. húsfreyju minni, i. e. when you talk to my wife, Nj. 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, Merl. 2. 78.

3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja f. þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, Nj. 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, i. e. to clear Valhalla for slain folk, Em. I; ryðja vígvöll f. vegundum, Nj. 212; ljúka upp f. e-m, to open the door for one, Fms. xi. 323, Stj. 5; rýma pallinn f. þeim, Eg. 304; hann lét göra eld f. þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. f. sér, Fms. xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, Eg. 45.

II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð f. þeim, Eg. 530; á (fjörðr) varð f. þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, i. e. they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi f. liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð f. Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., Hkr. iii. 363; þeirra manna er f. honum urðu, Eg. 92.

2. sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for one, Ld. 218, Nj. 107; lá f. henni í skóginum, Edda (pref.); sitja f. rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, Eg. 136 (fyrir-sát).

3. ellipt., menn urðu at gæta sín er f. urðu, Nj. 100; Egill var þar f. í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, Eg. 378; hafði sá bana er f. varð, who was before (the arrow), i. e. he was hit, Nj. 8.

4. verða f. e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr f. drepi, if he be struck, Grág. ii. 19; verða f. áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, Ld. 140; verða f. reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, Eg. 226; verða f. ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, Fas. i. 130; sitja f. hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, Nj. 71; vera eigi f. sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.

III. a naut. term, before, off; liggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the pier, Ld. 166; skip fljóta f. strengjum, Sks. 116; þeir lágu f. bænum, they lay off the town, Bs. i. 18; liggja úti f. Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, Eg. 261; hann druknaði f. Jaðri, off the J., Fms. i. II; þeir kómu at honum f. Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr f. landi, Hkr. i. 301; f. Humru-minni, off the Humber, Orkn. 338, cp. Km. 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, Orkn. 356.

IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr f. búi föður síns, Ver. 26 (of king David); vera f. liði, to be over the troops, Eg. 292, Nj. 7; vera f. máli, to lead the case, Band. 8; vera forstjóri f. búi, to be steward over the household, Eg. 52; ráða f. landi, ríki, etc., to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, Nj. 5; hverr f. eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, Eg. 239; ráða f. e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja f. svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; hafa svör f. e-m, to be the chief spokesman, Fms. x. 101, Dipl. v. 26.

V. special usages; friða f. e-m, to make peace for one, Fms. vii. 16, Bs. i. 65; bæta f. e-m, to make things good for one, Hom. 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.) f. e-m, to plead for one, Fms. iii. 33, Nj. 128,—also spilla f. e-m, to disparage one, Eg. 255; haga, ætla f. e-u, to manage, arrange for one, Ld. 208, Sturl. i. 14, Boll. 356; rífka ráð f. e-m, to better one’s condition, Nj. 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf f. frændkonu sinni, Js. 58; standa f. manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, Eg. 357, Grág. ii. 13; vera skjöldr f. e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað f. e-u, to have the expences for a thing, Ld. 14; vinna f. e-m, to support one by one’s work, Sks. 251; starfa f. fé sínu, to manage one’s money, Ld. 166; hyggja f. e-u, to take heed for a thing, Nj. 109; hyggja f. sér, Fs. 5; hafa forsjá f. e-m, to provide for one, Ld. 186; sjá f. e-u, to see after, Eg. 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð f. mér, Nj. 20: ironic. to put at rest, Háv. 40: ellipt., sjá vel f., to provide well for, Nj. 102.

B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, Nj. 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, Fms. i. 76, Ld. 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, Nj. 260, Fms. i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, Grág. i. 80, ii. 323, 394, Finnb. 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, Fms. i. 57.

2. the phrase, vera f. e-u, to forebode; vera f. stórfundum, Nj. 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu f. siða-skipti, Fms. xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera f. kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum f. e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá f. e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, Nj. 171.

C. METAPH.:

I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar f. öllum ungum mönnum, Dropl. 7; þykkisk hann mjök f. öðrum mönnum, Ld. 38; ver f. hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, Eg. 65; Hálfdan svarti var f. þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, Fms. i. 4; þorgrímr var f. sonum Önundar, Grett. 87; var Haraldr mest f. þeim at virðingu, Fms. i. 47.

II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið f. þeim, Grág. i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).

2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit f. heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = Lat. pro, Fms. vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, Blas. 38; gjalda önd mína f. önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf f. sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ), H. E. i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, Dipl. iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir f. e-m, 656 A; heita f. e-m, biðja f. e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), Fms. iii. 48, Bs. i. 70; biðja f. mönnum, to intercede for, 19, Fms. xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja f. stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.

III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, Eg. 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, Grág. i. 36, Dropl. 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn f. Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, i. e. forsook Thorkel, Fms. ix. 422; kom upp grátr f. henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé f. öðrum, to take another’s money, N. G. L. i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, Landn. 56; ef hross verðr tekit f. honum, if a horse of his be taken, Grág. i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, Ó. H. 60; e-t ferr ílla f. e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór f. Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., Vígl. 18; loka dyrr f. e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, Edda 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn f. yðr drepit, heldr f. yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, i. e. they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, Fbr. 33; tók at eyðask f. henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, Nj. 29; rak á f. þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, Vígl. 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn f. Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., i. e. so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil f. Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast f. mér, my sword broke, Korm. 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t f. e-m, to break a thing for one, Bs. i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167; árin brotnaði f. honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.

2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja f. sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, i. e. to hinder one’s doing well, Sturl. 87; mikit göri þér mér f. þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, Eb. 124; þér er mikit f. máli, thy case stands ill, Fms. v. 325; ekki er Guði f. því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið f. því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, Grett. III; mér er minna f. því, it is easier for me, Am. 60; þykkja mikit f. e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, Nj. 77; Icel. also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, Ó. H. 140; sem sér muni lítið f. at veiða Gunnar, Nj. 113; fast mun f. vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, Ld. 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt f., A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), Nj. 185; hann var lengi f., he was long about it, Fms. x. 205; hann var lengi f. ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf. Karl. 388.

IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, Lat. per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, Edda 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest for pains, Bjarn. 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = Lat. prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; f. hlátri, for laughter, as in Engl.; þeir æddust f. einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, Sól. 11; ílla fært f. ísum, scarce passable for ice, Fms. xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar f. Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35; hann var lítt gengr f. sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, Fbr. 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, Hbl. 26; heptisk vegrinn f. þeim meinvættum sem …, Fs. 4; gáðu þeir eigi f. veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, Landn. 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, Eg. 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, Grág. i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? Eluc. 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, Eg. 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, Edda 35, Fms. i. 22, vii. 330, Ld. 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, Skálda 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.

V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, Háv. 52.

2. denoting contest; falla f. e-m, to fall before one, i. e. fighting against one, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki f. e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, Ld. 146; látask f. e-m, to perish by one, Eb. 34; hafa bana f. e-m, to be slain by one, Nj. 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa f. honum, 263; mæddisk hann f. þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, Eg. 192; láta ríki f. e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, i. e. so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar f. þér, 505; láta hlut sinn f. e-m, Fs. 47; standask f. e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, Edda (pref.); hugðisk hann falla mundu f. sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, Hým. 12; halda hlut f. e-m, Ld. 54; halda frið ok frelsi f. várum óvinum, Fms. viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað f. þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding), Ld. 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit f. mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, Fær. 37; halda vöku f. sér, to keep oneself awake, Fms. i. 216.

β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva f. e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, i. e. to be pursued, Bs. i. 774, Grág. ii. 359; at hann rynni f. þrælum hans, Ld. 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á f. Hofsmönnum, Landn. 178; ganga f. e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, Fms. i. 305, x. 292; vægja f. e-m, to yield to one, give way, Eg. 21, 187, Nj. 57, Ld. 234.

VI. against; verja land f. e-m, Eg. 32; verja landit f. Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, Fms. i. 23; til landvarnar f. víkingum, Eg. 260; landvarnar-maðr f. Norðmönnum, Fms. vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar f. bergrisum, Edda 17; gæt þín vel f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, Eg. 113; góð aðstoð f. tröllum ok dvergum, Bárð. 163; beiða Baldri griða f. allskonar háska, Edda 36; auðskæðr f. höggum, Eg. 770.

VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), Grág. ii. 384, Fms. vii. 262; halda f. veðri, to stand before the wind, Róm. 211.

2. rýrt mun verða f. honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, Nj. 94: ellipt., hafði sá bana er f. varð, 8; sprakk f., 16, 91.

VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, esp. of physical power; mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; lítill f. sér, weak, feeble, Nj. 20, Ísl. ii. 368, Eg. 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann f. mér, Edda 33; minnstr f. sér, smallest, weakest, Eg. 123; gildr maðr f. sér, Ísl. ii. 322, Fms. ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil f. sér, a hardy man, Nj. 270; hvat ert þú f. þér, what kind of fellow art thou? Clem. 33; vera einn f. sér, to be a strange fellow, Grett. 79 new Ed.; Icel. also say, göra mikið (lítið) f. sér, to make oneself big ( little).

β. sjóða e-t f. sér, to hesitate, saunter, Nj. 154; mæla f. munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, Orkn. 248, Nj. 249.

IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr f. hærum, white with hoary hairs, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, Mag. 5; hjölt hvít f. silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, Eb. 226.

X. as adverb or ellipt.,

1. ahead, in front, = á undan, Lat. prae, opp. to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, Nj. 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), Eg. 580; Egill fór f., E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar f. í nótt, 283.

β. first; hann stefndi f. málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, Nj. 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit f., I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum f., seven nights before, Grág. ii. 217.

2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, i. e. before the bride and bridegroom came, Nj. 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar f. vera, he shall be there present, Js. 3; heima í túni fyrir, Fær. 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, Eg. 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem f. eru, who are there already, i. e. in his charge, Grág. i. 286: of things, föng þau er f. vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, Eg. 134.

3. fore, opp. to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar f. allt gullknöppum, Eg. 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst, Mar.

XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, i. e. one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat f., at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, Grág. i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki f., K. had no resource, i. e. lost his head, Sturl. iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, Nj. 117, Sturl. ii. 151; mun þat vel f. mælask, people will like it well, Nj. 29, Þórð. 55 new Ed.; ílla mun þat f. mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel f., the people praised the poem, Fms. vii. 113.

XII. in special senses, either as prep. or adv. (vide A. V. above); segja leið f. skipi, to pilot a ship, Eg. 359; segja f. skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, Bs. i. 774, Fms. x. 480; mæla f. e-u, to dictate, Grág. ii. 266; mæla f. minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla f. sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u f., to arrange, put right; ætla f. e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m f. e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið f. e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa f. e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita f. sér, to enquire; biðjask f., to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja f., etc., to order, Nj. 103, Js. 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá f., at …, Landn. 34; spyrjask f., to enquire, Hkr. ii. 333; búask f., to prepare, make arrangement, Landn. 35, Sks. 551; skipask f., to draw up, Nj. 197; leggjask f., to lie down in despair, Bs. i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá f. úorðna hluti, Fms. i. 96; segja f., to foretell, 76, Bb. 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt f. um æfi hans, Nj. 102; vita e-t f., to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t f., to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained, id.

WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.

A. LOCAL:

I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, Nj. 198; láta síga brýnn f. brár, Hkv. Hjörv. 19; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, Nj. 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, Fs. 39.

2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m f. dómstól, Fms. xi. 444; ganga, koma f. e-n, to go, come before one, Fms. i. 15, Eg. 426, Nj. 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, Stj. 611.

3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum f. sik, he put the shield before him, Nj. 97, 115; halda skildi f. e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.

4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram f., forward; aptr f., backward, etc.; hann reiddi öxina fram f. sik, a stroke forward with the axe, Fms. vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna f. sik, 195; komask út f. dyrr, to go outside the door, Eg. 206:—draga ofan f. brekku, to drag over the hill, Ld. 220; hrinda f. mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, Eg. 748; hlaupa f. björg, to leap over a precipice, Eb. 62, Landn. 36; elta e-n f. björg, Grág. ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) f. borð, to leap ( throw) overboard, Fms. i. 178, Hkr. iii. 391, Ld. 226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr f. borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, Fms. ix. 3; hlaupa niðr f. stafn, Eg. 142; niðr f. skaflinn, Dropl. 25; fyrir brekku, Orkn. 450, Glúm. 395 (in a verse).

II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu f. þá, Fms. ix. 475; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, Boll. 348; hlaupa ofan f. þá, Nj. 153; vóru allt komin f. hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, Fms. vii. 207; þeir felldu brota f. hann, viz. they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann f. skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, Ld. 166.

III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, Nj. 44; út f. Holm, out past the Holm, Fms. vii. 356: esp. as a naut. term, off a point on the shore, sigla f. England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, Orkn. 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, Fms. vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, Edda 91 (in a verse); er hann kom f. Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, Eg. 80; leggja land f. skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, i. e. to pass it, Edda l. c.; göra frið f. land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, Ld. 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river, Fms. iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, Grág. ii. 263; girða f. nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, cp. Lat. praesepire, praemunire, etc., Grág. ii. 263; so also binda f. op, poka, Lat. praeligare, praestringere; hlaða f. gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri f. stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, Nj. 275; skjóta slagbrandi f. dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, Dropl. 29; láta loku (lás) f. hurð, to lock a door, Gísl. 28; setja innsigli f. bréf, to set a seal to a letter, Dipl. i. 3: ellipt., setr hón þar lás fyrir, Ld. 42, Bs. i. 512.

2. along, all along; f. endilanga Danmörk, f. endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, Fms. iv. 319, xi. 91, Grett. 97:—öx álnar f. munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, Ld. 276; draga ör f. ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, Fms. ii. 321.

IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, Sturl. i. 44, Hrafn. 13, Fms. ii. 131; taka f. munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka f. háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, etc.; taka mál f. munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka f. hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, Eb. 124; mod., taka fram f. hendrnar á e-m.

B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, Eg. 80; f. miðjan dag, Ld. 14; f. sól, before sunrise, 268; f. sólar-lag, before sunset; f. miðjan aptan, Nj. 192; f. náttmál, 197; f. óttu, Sighvat; f. þinglausnir, Ölk. 37; f. Jól, Nj. 269; f. fardaga, Grág. ii. 341; viku f. sumar, 244; f. mitt sumar, Nj. 138; litlu f. vetr, Eg. 159; f. vetrnætr, Grág. ii. 217; f. e-s minni, before one’s memory, Íb. 16.

C. METAPH.:

I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, Fms. x. 372.

II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, Nj. 77; ganga í skuld f. e-n, Grág. i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá f. Ölvi, Eg. 210; kaupa e-t f. e-n, Nj. 157; gjalda gjöld f. e-n, Grág. i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir f. e-n, Eg. 504; hvárr f. sik, each for oneself, Dipl. v. 26; sættisk á öll mál f. Björn, Nj. 266; tók sættir f. Björn, Eg. 168; svara f. e-t, Fms. xi. 444; hafa til varnir f. sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma f.; færa vörn f. sik, etc.; verja, sækja sakir f. sik, and many similar law phrases, Grág. passim; biðja konu f. e-n, to woo a lady for another, Fms. x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, Gs. 16; lögvörn f. mál, a lawful defence for a case, Nj. 111; hafa til varnar f. sök, to defend a case, Grág. i. 61; halda skiladómi f. e-t, Dipl. iv. 8; festa lög f. e-t, vide festa.

III. in a distributive sense; penning f. mann, a penny per man, K. Þ. K. 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, Lv. 89, Fms. i. 153, Ó. H. 141; hve f. marga menn, for how many men, Grág. i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.

IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð f. hungraða, Hom. 75; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), Nj. 265; leggja kostnað f. e-n, to defray one’s costs, Grág. i. 341.

V. for, instead of; hann setti sik f. Guð, Edda (pref.); hafa e-n f. Guð (Lat. pro Deo), Stj. 73, Barl. 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann f. sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, Grág. i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka f. brynjur, Fs. 17; manna-höfuð vóru f. kljána, Nj. 275; gagl f. gás ok grís f. gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; rif stór f. hlunna, Háv. 48; buðkr er f. húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; auga f. auga, tönn f. tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell f. skillinga, Þkv. 32.

VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, Nj. 92, Fms. v. 162; eigi f. sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? Nj. 101; ok urðu f. þat sekir, Landn. 323; hafa ámæli f. e-t, Nj. 65, passim.

2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra f. þín orð, Ld. 158, Nj. 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, Fms. i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old Engl. ‘fore God), Karl. 241; fyrir þitt líf, Stj. 514; ek særi þik f. alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, Nj. 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, Eg. 714; er sik leysti út f. þrjú hundruð marka, Fms. ix. 421; ganga f. hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, D. I. i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða f. hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, Ld. 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, Nj. 57; bætr f. víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr f. mann, Eg. 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, Nj. 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, Fms. i. 9, 157, Gþl. 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann f. sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, i. e. they sold their lives dearly, Ó. H. 217.

2. ellipt., í staðinn f., instead of, Grág. i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða f. góð boð, Nj. 77; taka umbun f., Fms. vii. 161; svara slíku f. sem …, Boll. 350; þér skulut öngu f. týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, Nj. 7.

VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, Stj.; fyrir sína náttúru, Fms. v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, Pass. 19. 12; svikin f. orminn, by the serpent, Al. 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very freq. in eccl. writings, esp. after the Reformation, N. T., Pass., Vídal.; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, etc.:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu f. kast ( by dice), Sturl. ii. 159.

IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, N. G. L. i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, Grág. ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) f. ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, Þiðr. 190; nú fara menn f. bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, Gþl. 517; hann gaf henni líf f. framkvæmd farar, i. e. although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow), Fms. v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, Grett. 80 new Ed.; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.

X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but freq. in mod. usage, thus, eigi e-n f. vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n f. fífl, fól, to make sport of one.

2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, e. g. vita f. vist, to know for certain, Dipl. i. 3; vita f. full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa f. satt, to take for sooth, believe, Nj. 135; koma f. eitt, to come ( turn) all to one, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma f. ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, Nj. 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti f. varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, Sól. 19.

XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following acc. denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, i. e. on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = Lat. ultra; fyrir innan fjall = Lat. infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, etc.; vide these adverbs:—used adverb., fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in Icel. to mark the quarters of the country, cp. the ditty in Esp. Árb. year 1530; but not freq. in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, cp. Kristni S. ch. 1: absol. and adverb., fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, Anal. 98, Vkv. 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.

☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:

I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, temp., and metaph. furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini, etc.

β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, etc.

2. in an intens. sense = before others, very, but not freq.; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.

II. (cp. fyrir, acc., C. IX), in a neg. or priv. sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, e. g. for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:

1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, e. g. for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.

2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, e. g. for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in eccl. writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in Icel.) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, etc.; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence.

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